简介:目的建立能快速准确检测发热病人咽拭子样本中2013新型H7N9禽流感病毒的四重RT—PCR方法。方法针对甲型流感病毒的M基因设计通用引物,针对2013新型H7N9禽流感病毒的HA和NA基因设计特异性引物,选择人源看家基因beta—aetin设计质控引物,通过优化实验条件建立一步法四重RT—PCR反应体系。与商品化实时荧光RT—PCR试剂盒进行方法比对。结果成功建立四重一步法RT—PCR筛查2013新型H7N9禽流感病毒的检测技术。结论该方法简便、实用、成本低廉,适用于2013新型H7N9禽流感病毒的快速检测。
简介:目的:了解2013年初上海市首次发现H7N9新型禽流感病毒并应急处置疫情的全过程。方法:综合运用访谈、二次资料整理、专家咨询等方法。结果:(1)当班医生的传染病职业敏感性是及时检出H7N9新型禽流感病毒的前提。(2)标本在正常送检之后呈送给了有专业资格的检测机构,是及时发现H7N9新型禽流感病毒的关键。(3)医院上报疫情之后,专家组实地核实疫情时重点考察医院发热门诊的完备程度会挫伤医院报送疫情的积极性。结论:(1)需要进一步加强住院医生传染病和流行病学知识培训;(2)允许医院有序向多家病原检测机构送检标本;(3)专家组核实疫情时适当降低对发热门诊的关注度。
简介:摘要目的分析2013—2020年人感染H7N9禽流感密码子使用偏好及其影响因素。方法通过NCBI数据库获得病毒全基因组序列,使用CodonW、EMBOSS、R、Origin 9.0、SPSS 20.0等软件分析病毒的碱基构成、密码子偏好性参数等。结果H7N9病毒全基因组AU含量高于GC,且AU多出现在密码子末位。2013—2020年AU含量逐渐升高,而GC含量逐渐降低。病毒有效密码子数在48.71~56.17之间,提示病毒密码子使用偏性总体较弱。有效密码子数绘图和密码子适应指数分析显示病毒密码子使用偏好受自然选择和突变压力双重影响,自然选择因素更为明显。结论人感染H7N9禽流感病毒密码子使用偏好仍处在不断适应人类宿主的演化过程中,第五波疫情及后续毒株与既往毒株相比存在更加适应宿主的变化。
简介:AbstractBackground:Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is a place to provide response to public health emergencies. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)’s EOC was officially established in 2016, which has been the core department for the public health emergencies and risk response. In recent years, we have been continuously improving the function of EOC through many incidents. In the study, we hope to share the construction status, operation management experience of China CDC’s EOC and the response process in the human avian influenza A (H7N9) outbreak.Main text:The China CDC’s EOC mainly focus on building the five core elements including sites/places and facilities, information and data, plans and procedures, training and exercises, and logistics. Based on summarizing previous emergency response, the China CDC’s EOC established its own incident management and the standardized response procedures. The event-specific data, context-specific data and event management data could be obtained through various source. The logistics department of the EOC also provides comprehensive support. The well-trained staff is another necessary conditions for its operation. Through sharing the response process of H7N9 outbreak, it further explains the EOC’s functions in the five phases of outbreak response, such as the formulation of the incident response framework, monitoring, personnel dispatch and resource mobilization.Conclusions:The EOC contributes to faster and more efficient responses during emergencies which enable a greater reduction in morbidity and mortality. Compared with the traditional incident response process, under the command and coordination of China CDC’s EOC, each group involved in the response has a clearer goal, responsibilities and tasks at each stage. Meanwhile, each group also gave full play to its own expertise and advantages. As a whole, incident response tended to be more specialized and precise, which generally improves the efficiency of incident response. However, different countries and regions have different response processes to the events. We still suggested that appropriate emergency operation plan should be made according to the complexity of incident response in the region when constructing response mechanism, through our experience. And the China CDC’s EOC is still at growing and groping phase.
简介:2017年4月,吉林省柳河县发生了一起人感染H7N9禽流感疫情,属全省首发人感染H7N9禽流感病例,省市业务部门和行政部门高度关注此次疫情,分别亲临现场,并做出了重要指示或指导,要求将人感染H7N9禽流感各项防控措施落到实处。在柳河县政府的统一部署下,通过卫生、质监、畜牧、工商、公安等部门的联动参与,圆满地完成了疫情的各项防控工作,查清了感染了来源,取得了无人感染H7N9禽流感续发病例的良好佳绩。
简介:摘要目的了解武胜县居民对H7N9禽流感认知情况并进行分析,为进行H7N9禽流感的相关知识的讲座及预防H7N9禽流感的培训提供一定的相关依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷,随机抽取广安市武胜县居民进行调查,回收有效问卷并进行统计分析。结果回收有效问卷482份,有效率96.4%;其中对H7N9的了解情况的统计结果中显示调查所抽取武胜县居民中大部分居民对H7N9禽流感有一定的了解,但了解程度并不深入;在对H7N9禽流感的态度统计结果中显示调查所抽取武胜县居民中大部分居民对H7N9禽流感的态度都处于比较关心的态度;在对政府防治H7N9禽流感的态度统计结果中显示调查所抽取武胜县居民中大部分居民对政府防治H7N9禽流感的态度是持支持态度。结论武胜县大部分居民对H7N9禽流感的认知情况处于一种了解一部分,但了解并不深入的程度,而对H7N9禽流感的态度是处于一种关注的态度,且大部分居民对新闻报道中专家的言语是信任的,对政府防治H7N9禽流感的态度是持支持态度,如果在武胜县进行H7N9禽流感的相关知识的讲座及预防H7N9禽流感的培训可以取得比较好的效果。
简介:包括长期的感染,自体免疫的疾病和癌症,很长期的人的疾病的致病经常包含坚持的、未解决的煽动性的回答。决定尖锐煽动性的回答的变换进一个长期的过程的分子的机制难倒研究人员许多年了。最近的研究揭示那B7-H1(CD274,PD-L1),一个最新识别的co-stimulatory分子,拥有天真的T房间的合作刺激和激活的受动器T房间的抑制的双功能。异常细胞的表示和B7-H1的deregulated功能在长期的病毒、细胞内部的细菌的感染期间被报导了,以及在许多自体免疫的疾病和癌症。重要地,B7-H1的双功能的解除管制看起来与被联系一延长,由为激活诱惑天真的T房间并且阻抑的不完全的有免疫力的反应激活受动器T房间。而且,指向B7-H1信号的策略的开发提供一条新、有希望的途径操作与长期的发炎联系的破坏疾病。因此,B7-H1可以在煽动性的回答的慢性起一个批评immunoregulatory作用。