简介:传染性非典型肺炎(严重急性呼吸道综合症)。其主要的流行病学和临床特征基本有:极强的传染性、发热(>38℃)并伴咳嗽、呼吸加速、气促、或呼吸窘迫综合症、肺部罗音或有肺部实变体征之一以上。重症患者会出现呼吸困难、低氧血症、甚至出现休克、ARDS、MODS(多器官功能障碍综合征)。
简介:SARS正在全球蔓延。我国缺乏必要的紧急公共卫生事件预案,一些医务人员缺乏应对该疾病的正确观念,尤其不幸的是我们还缺乏必要的设备和设施,因此我们不得不面对潜在的疫情扩大的危险。海外,新加坡SARS发病率和死亡率较高。陈笃生医院(TTSH)被指定为装置新加坡全国SARS中心,该院ICU承担了管理SARS的主要任务。卢熹作为TTSHSICU主任,是医院SARS行政管理和临床管理的主要规划者和执行者之一。他们在管理SARS过程中,ICU内员工大范围感染的过程,随后不得不采取“完备的预防措施”后,员工感染率降为零并保持为零。他们的宝贵经验值得我们借鉴。应我的要求,卢熹将他们的经验电邮给我,我将其译为中文,以资国内正在面对或者可能将要SARS的医生、护士和医院管理者借鉴。向全球所有在医疗行政部门以及临床和实验室为管理、研究和治疗SARS的人士致敬。
简介:ThepurposeofthisstudywastotesttheeffectivenessofsourcevirusstrainforthemanufactureoftheinactivatedSARSvirusvaccine,andestablishanexperimentalmethodandpreliminarystandardforpotencyevaluation.MiceweredividedintogroupsforbeingimmunizedwithcorrespondingseriallydilutedexperimentalSARSvirusinactivatedvaccine.Andtherabbitswereimmunizedwithundilutedvaccine.ChallengeassaywasconductedwithaheterologousSARSvirus.Andtheneutralizationantibodywasdeterminedwithplaquereductionneutralizationtest(PRNT),towhichtheneutralizationantibodyintheconvalescentserumofSARSpatientswascompared.Theexperimentalvaccineviralstrainswereprovedtobesuitableformanufacturingthevaccine.Miceimmunizedbyvaccinesofserialdilutionswereabletoelicitneutralizingantibody.Theantibodytiterfrommiceimmunizedwiththeundilutedvaccinecouldreachupto1:495.2,whilethoseofrabbitsimmunizedwiththeundilutedvaccinecouldreachaGMTof55.0-79.9.ThecapabilityoftheantibodytoneutralizethevirusfromGuangdongismoreefficientthanthatfromBeijing.TheGMTofneutralizingantibodyinSARSconvalescentslivinginsouthandnorthChinarangedfrom50.12to54.95,andthetitersofconvalescentsfromnorthChinawerehigherthanthosefromsouthChina.Miceandrabbitsusedasthemodelforevaluationofpotencyareofsensitivity,andthetestisofreproducibility.Thecandidatechallengeviralstrainsshowedarelativelyconsistenteffectonevaluatingantibodiesproducedbyvariousbatchesanddifferentvaccine-sourcestrains,hencetheycanbeusedtoevaluatepotencyofthevaccine.Themethodfortestingthevaccinepotencyandtheevaluationstandardwasestablishedpreliminarily.
简介:摘要COVID-19的全球大流行使冠状病毒再次引起重视。在本世纪大流行的三种高致病性冠状病毒(SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV、SARS-CoV-2)研究中,已有直接证据证明SARS-CoV及SARS-CoV-2可引起人眼部感染。冠状病毒感染除引起眼部症状外,也可通过眼部感染引发全身多种临床表现。两种高致病性冠状病毒(SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2)具有更强的流行性及更高的病死率,两种病毒眼部症状相似,病毒结构及眼部感染过程也具有相似性,主要是通过其特异性S蛋白与细胞表面相关受体结合,使其核酸进入细胞内并借用细胞内的蛋白合成通路对自身蛋白进行转录、组装、折叠并通过其受体蛋白激发多种细胞因子表达。本文就2003年流行的SARS-CoV以及2019年末流行的SARS-CoV-2两种高致病性冠状病毒的特点、眼部感染通路的研究进展及病毒眼部感染相关的研究现状进行综述,阐述眼部病毒防护及患者眼部检查的必要性。(国际眼科纵览,2020, 45: 374-379)
简介:AbstractThe global spread of SARS-CoV-2 is currently continuing, and the World Health Organization has announced the risk assessment of the viruses as high. In this study, we analyzed virology features of SARS-CoV-2 causing a family cluster outbreak. Among the six family members, five have been laboratory-confirmed infection of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. A total of five SARS-CoV-2 viruses have been isolated from the nasopharyngeal swabs. The complete genome of the viruses exhibited 100% nucleotide identity with each other. Only two nucleotide differences have been observed between genomes of the isolated viruses and the HCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019 strain. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed as the causation of the family cluster infections.
简介:AbstractWe analyzed variations in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome during a flight-related cluster outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shenzhen, China, to explore the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and intra-host single nucleotide variations (iSNVs) in a confined space. Thirty-three patients with COVID-19 were sampled, and 14 were resampled 3-31 days later. All 47 nasopharyngeal swabs were deep-sequenced. iSNVs and similarities in the consensus genome sequence were analyzed. Three SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, Delta (n = 31), Beta (n = 1), and C.1.2 (n = 1), were detected among the 33 patients. The viral genome sequences from 30 Delta-positive patients had similar SNVs; 14 of these patients provided two successive samples. Overall, the 47 sequenced genomes contained 164 iSNVs. Of the 14 paired (successive) samples, the second samples (T2) contained more iSNVs (median: 3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.77-10.22) than did the first samples (T1; median: 2; 95% CI: 1.63-3.74; Wilcoxon test, P = 0.021). 38 iSNVs were detected in T1 samples, and only seven were also detectable in T2 samples. Notably, T2 samples from two of the 14 paired samples had additional mutations than the T1 samples. The iSNVs of the SARS-CoV-2 genome exhibited rapid dynamic changes during a flight-related cluster outbreak event. Intra-host diversity increased gradually with time, and new site mutations occurred in vivo without a population transmission bottleneck. Therefore, we could not determine the generational relationship from the mutation site changes alone.
简介:Theactivesiteof3CLproteinase(3CL^por)forcoronaviruswasidentifiedbycomparingthecrystalstructuresofhumanandporcinecoronavirus.Theinhibitorofthemainproteinofrhinovirus(Ag7088)couldbindwith3CL^proofhumancoronavirus,thenitwasselectedasthereferenceformoleculardockinganddatabasescreening.Theligandsfromtwodatabaseswereusedtosearchpotentialleadstructureswithmoleculardocking.SeveralstructuresfromnaturalproductsandACD-SCdatabaseswerefoundtohavelowerbindingfreeenergywith3CL^prothanthatofAg7088.ThesestructureshavesimilarhydrophobicitytoAg7088.Theyhavecomplementaryelectrostaticpotentialandhydrogenbondaeceptoranddonorwith3CL^pro,showingthatthestrategyofanti-SARSdrugdesignbasedonmoleculardockinganddatabasescreeningisfeasible.
简介:InordertodevelopclinicaldiagnostictoolsforrapiddetectionofSARS-CoV(severeacuterespiratorysyndrome-associatedcoronavirus)andtoidentifycandidateproteinsforvaccinedevelopment,theC-terminalportionofthenucleocapsid(NC)genewasamplifiedusingRT-PCRfromtheSARS-CoVgenome,clonedintoayeastexpressionvector(pEGH),andexpressedasaglutathioneS-transferase(GST)andHisx6double-taggedfusionproteinunderthecontrolofaninduciblepromoter.WesternanalysisonthepurifiedproteinconfirmedtheexpressionandpurificationoftheNCfusionproteinsfromyeast.Todetermineitsantigenicity,thefusionproteinwaschallengedwithserumsamplesfromSARSpatientsandnormalcontrols.TheNCfusionproteindemonstratedhighantigenicitywithhighspecificity,andtherefore,itshouldhavegreatpotentialindesigningclinicaldiagnostictoolsandprovideusefulinformationforvaccinedevelopment.