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简介：尽管测试的前列腺特定的抗原(PSA)无疑增加了的浆液的平淡的使用前列腺癌症(PCa)察觉，它的主要缺点之一是它特性的缺乏。作为后果，许多人为懒惰的瘤经历不必要的活体检视或治疗。PCa特定的标记为疾病和一个前列腺瘤的攻击性的预言的早察觉被需要。因为PCa是异构的疾病，瘤标记的一块面板为更精确的诊断是基本的。几biomarkers由于他们为在组织的疾病的特性是有希望的。然而，织物是象一个可能的屏蔽工具不合适。因为尿能容易以一种非侵略的方式被获得，它是为测试的biomarker的有希望的底层。这篇文章为在尿的PCa的非侵略的测试考察biomarkers。

简介：VanAndelResearchInstitute(VARI)investigatorsworkingincollaborationwithClevelandClinicresearchershavedeterminedthattwotypesofkidneytumorspreviouslythoughttobedifferentdiseasesareactuallyvariationsofthesamedisease.Thisfindingwillhelpdoctorstomoreaccuratelydiagnosethediseaseinpatients,anddemonstratestheimpor-tanceofusingmoleculardatatodiagnosecanceringeneral.

简介：AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal, aggressive, and incurable disease. The patients with PDAC are often diagnosed at the advanced stage, leading to poor overall survival because of no current effective treatment. Further exploration of the mechanism is needed urgently to provide insights on the prevention, detection, or intervention of pancreatic cancer. Oncogenic KRAS and mutated tumor suppressor genes serve essential roles in PDAC tumorigenesis. Different groups of scientists indicated that yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, which are the main effectors of the Hippo pathway, are the center in the development of PDAC. Here, we will focus on the recent advances of the molecular mechanisms of core components in the Hippo kinases cascade and discuss their clinical implications.

简介：Epithelialovariancancerisprimarilyadiseaseofolderwomen.Advancedageisriskfactorfordecreasedsurvival.Optimalsurgeryandthesafeandeffectiveadministrationofchemotherapyareessentialforprolongedprogression-freeandoverallsurvival(OS).Inthisarticle,theavailableregimensinboththeprimarytreatmentandrelapsedsettingarereviewed.

简介：Differentapproachesfortreatinglungcancerhavebeendevelopedovertime,includingchemotherapy,radiotherapyandtargetedtherapiesagainstactivatingmutations.Lately,betterunderstandingoftheroleoftheimmunologicalsystemintumorcontrolhasopenedmultipledoorstoimplementdifferentstrategiestoenhanceimmuneresponseagainstcancercells.Itisknownthattumorcellseludeimmuneresponsebyseveralmechanisms.Thedevelopmentofmonoclonalantibodiesagainstthecheckpointinhibitorprogrammedcelldeathprotein1(PD-1)anditsligand(PD-L1),onTcells,hasledtohighactivityincancerpatientswithlonglastingresponses.Nivolumab,anantiPD-1inhibitor,hasbeenrecentlyapprovedforthetreatmentofsquamouscelllungcancerpatients,giventhesurvivaladvantagedemonstratedinaphaseIIItrial.Pembrolizumab,anotherantiPD-1antibody,hasreceivedFDAbreakthroughtherapydesignationfortreatmentofnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC),supportedbydatafromaphaseItrial.ClinicaltrialswithantiPD-1/PD-L1antibodiesinNSCLChavedemonstratedverygoodtolerabilityandactivity,withresponseratesaround20%andamediandurationofresponseof18months.

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简介：AbstractImmunotherapy has become the mainstay for lung cancer treatment, providing sustained therapeutic responses and improved prognosis compared with those obtained with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. It has the potential for anti-tumor treatment and killing tumor cells by activating human immunity and has moved the targets of anti-cancer therapy from malignant tumor cells to immune cell subsets. Two kinds of immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), are the main targets of current immunotherapy in lung cancer. Despite the successful outcomes achieved by immune checkpoint inhibitors, a small portion of lung cancer patients remain unresponsive to checkpoint immunotherapy or may ultimately become resistant to these agents as a result of the complex immune modulatory network in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is imperative to exploit novel immunotherapy targets to further expand the proportion of patients benefiting from immunotherapy. This review summarizes the molecular features, biological function, and clinical significance of several novel checkpoints that have important roles in lung cancer immune responses beyond the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 axes, including the markers of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory T lymphocyte pathways and inhibitory markers of macrophages and natural killer cells.

简介：AbstractBackground:Whether regional anesthesia may help to prevent disease recurrence in cancer patients is still controversial. The stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis is a key factor that defines prognosis and is one of the most important sources of heterogeneity for the treatment effect. We sought to update existing systematic reviews and clarify the effect of regional anesthesia on cancer recurrence in late-stage cancer patients.Methods:Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to September 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that assessed the effect of regional anesthesia on cancer recurrence and overall survival (OS) compared with general anesthesia. Late-stage cancer patients were primarily assessed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Cancer Staging Manual (eighth edition), and the combined hazard ratio (HR) from random-effects models was used to evaluate the effect of regional anesthesia.Results:A total of three RCTs and 34 cohort studies (including 64,691 patients) were identified through the literature search for inclusion in the analysis. The risk of bias was low in the RCTs and was moderate in the observational studies. The pooled HR for recurrence-free survival (RFS) or OS did not favor regional anesthesia when data from RCTs in patients with late-stage cancer were combined (RFS, HR= 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58-2.18, P = 0.729, I2 = 76%; OS, HR= 0.86, 95% CI: 0.63-1.18, P = 0.345, I2 = 48%). Findings from observational studies showed that regional anesthesia may help to prevent disease recurrence (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.96, P = 0.008, I2 = 71%) and improve OS (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98, P = 0.022, I2 = 79%).Conclusions:RCTs reveal that OS and RFS were similar between regional and general anesthesia in late-stage cancers. The selection of anesthetic methods should still be based on clinical evaluation, and changes to current practice need more support from large, well-powered, and well-designed studies.

简介：AbstractBackground:Family clustering of esophageal cancer (EC) has been found in high-risk areas of China. However, the relationships between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions (ECPL) have not been comprehensively reported in recent years. This study aimed to provide evidence for identification of high-risk populations.Methods:This study was conducted in five high-risk areas in China from 2017 to 2019, based on the National Cohort of Esophageal Cancer. The permanent residents aged 40 to 69 years were examined by endoscopy, and pathological examination was performed for suspicious lesions. Information on demographic characteristics, environmental factors, and cancer family history was collected. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to evaluate odds ratios between family history related factors and ECPL.Results:Among 33,008 participants, 6143 (18.61%) reported positive family history of EC. The proportion of positive family history varied significantly among high-risk areas. After adjusting for risk factors, participants with a family history of positive cancer, gastric and esophageal cancer or EC had 1.49-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-1.62), 1.52-fold (95% CI: 1.38-1.67), or 1.66-fold (95% CI: 1.50-1.84) higher risks of ECPL, respectively. Participants with single or multiple first-degree relatives (FDR) of positive EC history had 1.65-fold (95% CI: 1.47-1.84) or 1.93-fold (95% CI: 1.46-2.54) higher risks of ECPL. Participants with FDRs who developed EC before 35, 45, and 50 years of age had 4.05-fold (95% CI: 1.30-12.65), 2.11-fold (95% CI: 1.37-3.25), and 1.91-fold (95% CI: 1.44-2.54) higher risks of ECPL, respectively.Conclusions:Participants with positive family history of EC had significantly higher risk of ECPL. This risk increased with the number of EC positive FDRs and EC family history of early onset. Distinctive genetic risk factors of the population in high-risk areas of China require further investigation.Trial registration:ChiCTR-EOC-17010553.

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简介：FromNovember1,2013,TranslationalLungCancerResearch(TLCR)isofficiallyendorsedbytheSpanishLungCancerGroup(Figure1).ThisisameaningfulmilestoneforTLCRasanacknowledgmentofitsexpansionanddedicationtolungcancerresearchandwilltremendouslyadvanceitscontinuedexplorationinthefield.SinceitwaslaunchedinMay2013,TLCRhasbeendedicatedtoprovidingcutting-edgefindingsintherapidly

简介：稀释Listeriamonocytogenes(LM)是为癌症疫苗的交货的有希望的候选人向量。在由介绍抗原的房间的吞噬作用以后，这个细菌刺激主要histocompatibility建筑群(MHC)我和MHC-II小径并且导致抗原特定的T淋巴细胞的增长。包含复制缺乏的LM种类Δ的基因修正的新策略；dalΔ；dat(Lmdd)被开发了表示并且藏匿人的CD24蛋白质。CD24是仔细与hepatocellular癌(HCC)的apoptosis，转移和复发被联系的肝的癌症干细胞biomarker。在在老鼠的静脉内的管理以后，Lmdd-CD24首先在怒气和肝被散布并且没引起严重机关损害。Lmdd-CD24有效地增加了干扰素(IFN)的数字-γ-producingCD8+T房间和IFN-γ；分泌物。Lmdd-CD24也提高了IL-4-和IL-10-producingT助手2房间的数字。Lmdd-CD24疫苗的功效进一步对Hepa1-6-CD24肿瘤被调查，它腹股沟地被接种进老鼠。Lmdd-CD24显著地在老鼠减少了肿瘤尺寸并且增加了他们的幸存。尤其是，T规章的房间(Treg)的减小数并且特定的CD8+T房间活动的改进在渗入肿瘤的淋巴细胞(TIL)被观察。这些结果对HCC建议Lmdd-CD24疫苗的一个潜在的应用程序。

简介：ObjectiveTodetectthecellviabilityandtheexpressionsofstemcellsurfacemarkersafterchemotherapeuticdrugtreatment.MethodsWeobservedthecytotoxiceffectsofthreechemotherapeuticagents[epirubicin(Epi),fluorouracil(5-FU)andcyclophosphamide(Cyc)]inthreecelllines,andthecellviabilitiesafterremovedthesechemotherapeuticagents.ExpressionsofstemcellsurfacemarkersCD44,CD24,CD90,CD14andaldehydedehydrogenase1(ALDH1)inbreastcancercellswereanalyzedbyreal-timePCR.Theposthocanalysis(Tukey’stests)inconjunctionwithone-wayANOVAwasusedforstatisticalanalysis.ResultsTheinitialcytotoxicefficacywasmostnotable.Afterthetreatmentofthesametherapeuticagents,cellviabilitywasdecreasedby64.8%35.14%,32.25%inBT-483cells,66.4%,22.94%and45.88%inMDA-MB-231cells,97.1%,99.5%and76.4%inMCFcells.Thedifferencewassignificantcomparedwiththatbeforetreatment(P=0.000).However,theinhibitoryeffectswerediminishedafterchemotherapeuticagentwithdrawal.Cellviabilitieswereincreasedto167.9%,212.04%and188.66%inMDA-MB-231cellsat48hafterwithdrawal.At72hafterwithdrawal,cellviabilitywasincreasedwithasignificantdifferenceinthreecelllines(allPvalues=0.000).ExpressionsofCD44andALDH1weremostprevalentforMDA-MB-231,BT-483andMCF-7cells.ALDH1mRNAlevelwassignificanthigherinBT-483(HER-2overexpressioncellline)thanMDA-MB-231(triplenegativecellline)(P=0.012).CD14mRNAlevelinMCF-7cellsweresignificantlylowerthanthatinMDA-MB-231andBT-483(P=0.003,0.001).BT-483showedsignificantlyhigherlevelofCD44thanMDA-MB-231andMCF-7cellline(P=0.013,0.020),andnosignificantdifferencewasdetectedbetweenMDA-MB-231andMCF-7breastcancercells(P=0.955).CD90mRNAexpressionsweredetectedinMDA-MB-231cellsandMCF-7cells,butnotinBT-483cells.ConclusionSomemalignantcellscouldsurviveinvitroandbegintoproliferateagainbetweencyclesofchemotherapy.

简介：Objective:Toexploretheeffectofearlyenteralnutrition(EN)onpostoperativenutritionalstatus,intestinalpermeability,andimmunefunctioninelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer.Methods:Atotalof96patientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancerwhounderwentsurgicaltreatmentinourhospitalfromJune2007toDecember2010wereenrolledinthisstudy.TheyweredividedintoENgroup(n=50)andparenteralnutrition(PN)group(n=46)basedonthenutritionsupportmodes.Thebodyweight,timetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,complicationsandmortalityafterthesurgeryaswellastheliverfunctionindicatorswererecordedandanalyzed.Peripheralbloodsampleswerecollectedonthedays1,4and7aftersurgery.Theplasmadiamineoxidase(DAO)activityandD-lactatelevelweredeterminedtoassesstheintestinalpermeability.TheplasmaendotoxinlevelsweredeterminedusingdynamicturbidimetricassaytoassesstheprotectiveeffectofENonintestinalmucosalbarrier.Thepostoperativebloodlevelsofinflammatorycytokinesandimmunoglobulinsweredeterminedusingenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA).Results:Afterthesurgery,thetimetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,andcomplicationsweresignificantlylessintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(P<0.05),whereastheENgrouphadsignificantlyhigheralbuminlevelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05).Onthe7thpostoperativeday,theDAOactivity,D-lactatelevelandendotoxincontentsweresignificantlylowerintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(allP<0.05).Inaddition,theENgrouphadsignificantlyhigherIgA,IgG,IgM,andCD4levelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05)butsignificantlylowerIL-2,IL-6,andTNF-αlevels(P<0.05).Conclusions:Inelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer,earlyENaftersurgerycaneffectivelyimprovethenutritionalstatus,protectintestinalmucosalbarrier(byreducingplasmaendoxins),andenhancetheimmunefunction

简介：Objective:Upto40%ofwomenover70yearswithprimaryoperablebreastcancerintheUKaretreatedwithprimaryendocrinetherapy(PET)asanalternativetosurgery.Avarietyoffactorsareimportantindeterminingtreatmentforolderbreastcancerpatients.Thisstudyaimedtoidentifythepatientandtumorfactorsassociatedwithtreatmentallocationinthispopulation.Methods:Prospectivelycollecteddataontreatmentreceived(surgeryvs.PET)wereanalysedwithmultivariablelogisticregressionusingthevariablesage,modifiedCharlsonComorbidityIndex(CCI),activitiesofdailyliving(ADL)score,Mini-MentalStateExamination(MMSE)score,HER2status,tumoursize,gradeandnodalstatus.Results:Datawereavailablefor1,122cancersin1,098patientsrecruitedbetweenFebruary2013andJune2015from51UKhospitals.About78%ofthepopulationweretreatedsurgically,withtheremainderbeingtreatedwithPET.Increasingpatientageatdiagnosis,increasingCCIscore,largetumorsize(5cmormore)anddependenceinoneormoreADLcategorieswereallstronglyassociatedwithnon-surgicaltreatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Increasingcomorbidity,largetumorsizeandreducedfunctionalabilityareassociatedwithreducedlikelihoodofsurgicaltreatmentofbreastcancerinolderpatients.However,ageitselfremainsasignificantfactorfornon-surgicaltreatment;reinforcingtheneedforevidence-basedguidelines.

简介：ThisstudyconcernssecurityissuesoftheemergingWirelessBodySensorNetwork(WBSN)formedbybiomedicalsensorswornonorimplantedinthehumanbodyformobilehealthcareappli-cations.Anovelauthenticatedsymmetric-keyestablishmentschemeisproposedforWBSN,whichfullyexploitsthephysiologicalfeaturesobtainedbynetworkentitiesviathebodychannelavailableinWBSNbutnototherwirelessnetworks.Theself-definedIntrinsicSharedSecret(ISS)isusedtoreplacethepre-deploymentofsecretsamongnetworkentities,whichthuseliminatescentralizedservicesorau-thoritiesessentialinexistingprotocols,andresolvesthekeytransportprobleminthepuresymmet-ric-keycryptosystemforWBSNaswell.Thesecuritypropertiesoftheproposedschemearedemon-stratedintermsofitsattackcomplexityandthetypesofattacksitcanresist.Besides,theschemecanbeimplementedunderalight-weightwayinWBSNsystems.DuetotheimportanceoftheISSconcept,theanalysisonusingfalseacceptance/falserejectionmethodtoevaluatetheperformanceofISSforitsusageintheschemeisalsodemonstrated.

简介：Recently,ithasbeenseenthattheensembleclassifierisaneffectivewaytoenhancethepredictionperformance.However,itusuallysuffersfromtheproblemofhowtoconstructanappropriateclassifierbasedonasetofcomplexdata,forexample,thedatawithmanydimensionsorhierarchicalattributes.Thisstudyproposesamethodtoconstructeanensembleclassifierbasedonthekeyattributes.Inadditiontoitshigh-performanceonprecisionsharedbycommonensembleclassifiers,thecalculationresultsarehighlyintelligibleandthuseasyforunderstanding.Furthermore,theexperimentalresultsbasedontherealdatacollectedfromChinaMobileshowthatthekey-attributes-basedensembleclassifierhasthegoodperformanceonbothoftheclassifierconstructionandthecustomerchurnprediction.

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简介：Theresultsofastudyonthekeytechnologyofusingshellsand,akindofseasand,asbackfillforseareclamationaredescribedbriefly.Laboratorytestsshowthatthephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofshellsandareasgoodasnormalquartzsand.Basedonthechemicaltestanddurabilitytestofshellsanditcouldbeconcludedthattheinfluenceofcorrosionofshellsandbyacidrainandseawatermightbeignoredintheevaluationofthesafetyanddurabilityoftheengineeringproject.Theresultsoffieldimprovementtestsshowthatthebearingcapacityofshellsandbackfillfoundationismorethan200kPaaftervibroflotationimprovementordynamiccompactionimprovement.Theshellsandisagoodbackfillmaterialforseareclamation.