作业题目：“铁”的前世今生

作业题目：“铁”的前世今生

设计者：徐文钰

山西省晋中市寿阳县温家庄九年一贯制学校  九年级  化学

适用年级：九年级

设计说明：

1、作业内容与课标的联系

    本次作业内容隶属于义务教育化学课程的学习主题2“物质的性质与用途”中2.2常见的物质—2.2.3“金属与金属矿物”。

2、教材需要掌握的核心知识和关键能力

知道大多数金属在自然界中是以金属矿物形式存在的，体会化学方法在金属冶炼中的重要性；知道金属具有一些共同的物理性质，通过实验探究等活动认识常见金属的主要化学性质及金属活动性顺序。知道在金属中加入其他元素形成合金可以改变金属材料的性能；了解金属、金属材料在生产生活和社会发展中的重要作用；以铁生锈为例，了解防止金属腐蚀的常用方法；了解废弃金属对环境的影响及金属回收再利用的价值。

3、学生的认知水平、能力

    铁是一种常见的金属。通过物理课的学习，学生对其物理性质已有一定的了解。在生活中也经常接触到一些铁制品，如交通工具外壳、农具、炊具等。学生对铁在生产生活中的广泛应用、铁制品容易锈蚀已有不同程度的认识。但对于铁的由来、铁的冶炼、铁的化学性质、铁生锈的原因、铁的防护及对未来金属材料的开发和利用还不了解，需要通过接下来的一系列科学探究活动深入了解。

作业目标：

1、通过对铁的来历与用途的了解以及对铁性质的探究，对物质性质与应用及其相互关系有了基本认识，从而建立物质的性质决定用途的观念；

2、以铁为主要研究对象，从认识物质性质的视角，利用从个别到一般的方法，以及证据推理并初步预测，发展学生基于元素化合物性质认识的科学思维；

3、通过对物质的性质进行实验探究，以及针对日常生活和社会现象开展社会实践活动，提升分析和解释化学有关现象和事实、解决真实的综合性问题的能力，发展科学探究与实践素养；

4、通过认识自然资源的重要作用和合理利用，形成安全使用、保护和节约资源的可持续发展意识与社会责任，体现课程育人的指导作用。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

作业内容：

一阶作业：通过查阅资料和走访调研，找到有关“铁”的来历、人类对它的利用与认识。绘制有关“铁”的思维导图。

二阶作业：通过参观科技馆炼铁设备和进行化学实验探究，从化学视角看人类如何炼铁以及铁有哪些化学性质。绘制化学版有关“铁”的思维导图。

三阶作业：从资源的合理利用与保护角度，了解铁的现状（用途、铁生锈）、铁的防护，以及对新材料的探索。绘制可持续发展版有关“铁”的思维导图。

四阶作业：绘制“铁”的前世今生思维导图。

评价量表

学习成果：

实施反思：

整份作业以小组合作的方式完成形式多样、素养渐深的社会实践活动，从学科实验探究出发，认识化学科学方法和思维，又结合文献与实地调查的形式认识化学科学价值，在实践中体会科学精神与社会责任，实现学生能力与素养的梯度发展。

“双减”背景下，如何做到“减负”不“减质”,开发新的作业模式势在必行。但长期以来，受考试本位影响，作业几乎只承载了强化课堂学习内容的功能。要动筋骨，最重要的就是转变作业观，在课程视角下建立新的作业观，认识到作业不是课程的单纯延续而是一种与课堂教学互补的学习活动，以调动学生完成作业的积极性与主动性，吸引学生参与。同时还应提升作业设计的专业能力，有正确理念与专业能力引领必将使作业的质量大幅提高。最后，尊重学生差异合情合理的分层设计是还给学生自主选择权的有效途径，能促进不同学生素养和能力的提升。