简介:摘要:常见的可利用的雨水按其收集面性质可分为路面雨水、屋面雨水、绿地雨水。其中城市屋面雨水仅收纳大气及屋面本身的污染物,其水质远远优于道路表面收集到的雨水,绿地草坪的渗透能力比较强,能收集到的雨水数量有限,因此将屋面收集到的雨水作为水资源加以回收利用,其可行性较大。我国对于屋面雨水径流水质的研究起步较晚,最先在北京、重庆、哈尔滨、南京等地进行了屋面径流的相关试验研究,国内对于雨水的利用主要停留在道路冲洗、绿化浇洒、冲洗厕所等方面,对雨水水质的研究尚浅。
简介:Thedrivingfactorsofrunoffchangescanbedividedintoprecipitationfactorandnon-precipitationfactor,andtheycanalsobedividedintonaturalfactorandhumanactivityfactor.Inthispaper,thewaysandmethodsofthesedrivingfactorsimpactingonrunoffchangesareanalyzedatfirst,andthenaccordingtotherelationshipbetweenprecipitationandrunoff,theanalyticalmethodaboutimpactsofprecipitationandnon-precipitationfactorsonbasin'snaturalrunoffisderived.Theamountandcontributionratesofthetwofactorsimpactingonnaturalrunoffbetweeneverytwoadjacentdecadesduring1956-1998arecalculatedintheYellowRiverBasin(YRB).Theresultsshowthattheamountandcontributionrateofthetwofactorsimpactingonnaturalrunoffaredifferentindifferentperiodsandregions.FortheYRB,thenon-precipitationimpactispreponderantfornaturalrunoffreductionafterthe1970s.Finally,bychoosingmainfactorsimpactingonthenaturalrunoff,oneerrorback-propagation(BP)artificialneuralnetwork(ANN)modelhasbeensetup,andtheimpactofhumanactivitiesonnaturalrunoffreductionintheYRBissimulated.Theresultshowsthatthehumanbackgroundof1956-1979.
简介:探究了桥面径流在自然降雨过程中的时空特性.以泰州大桥为例,采用基于二维浅水方程的水动力学数值模型对桥面径流进行模拟分析.结果表明,桥面径流流速和水深与雨强成正相关关系,但两者对雨强的响应度不同.泄水口对路面水膜的影响度与雨强成正相关,该关系可由自然对数函数表示(R^2=0.706);泄水口对路肩积水的影响度与雨强成负相关,该关系可由负指数函数表示(R^2=0.824).在桥台搭板处,随纵坡SL减小,路肩积水深度显著增加,路面水膜厚度基本保持不变,但路面水膜厚度在最小纵坡处发生明显增加.由此得出结论,桥面径流分布有明显的时空差异性,泄水口对桥面径流的影响度与雨强之间存在较强的非线性关系,桥台搭板处需设置高效的排水设施.