简介：Thequestforneuroprotectivedrugstoslowtheprogressionofneurodegenerativediseases(NDDs),includingAlzheimer'sdisease(AD),Parkinson'sdisease(PD),andHuntington'sdisease(HD),hasbeenlargelyunrewarding.Preclinicalevidencesuggeststhatrepurposingquetiapine,lithium,valproate,fluoxetine,donepezil,andmemantineforearlyandpre-symptomaticdisease-modificationinNDDsmaybepromisingandcanspareregulatorybarriers.Theliteratureofthesepsychotropicsinearlystageandpre-symptomaticAD,PD,andHDisreviewedandpropitiousfindingsfollow.Mildcognitiveimpairment(MCI)phaseofAD:salutaryhumanrandomizedcontrolledtrialfindingsforlow-doselithiumand,inselectedpatients,donepezilawaitreplication.Pre-symptomaticAD:humanepidemiologicaldataindicatethatlithiumreducesADrisk.Animalmodelstudies(AMS)revealencouragingresultsforquetiapine,lithium,donepezil,andmemantine.EarlyPD:valproateAMSfindingsshowpromise.Pre-symptomaticPD:lithiumandvalproateAMSfindingsareencouraging.EarlyHD:uncontrolledclinicaldataindicatenon-progressionwithlithium,fluoxetine,donepezil,andmemantine.Pre-symptomaticHD:lithiumandvalproateareauspiciousinAMS.Manyotherpromisingfindingsawaitingreplication(valproateinMCI;lithium,valproate,fluoxetineinpre-symptomaticAD;lithiuminearlyPD;lithium,valproate,fluoxetineinpre-symptomaticPD;donepezilinearlyHD;lithium,fluoxetine,memantineinpre-symptomaticHD)arereviewed.Dose-andstage-dependenteffectsareconsidered.Suggestionsforsignal-enhancementinhumantrialsareprovidedforeachNDDstage.

简介：Neurotrophicfactorscompriseessentialsecretedproteinsthathaveseveralfunctionsinneuralandnon-neuraltissues,mediatingthedevelopment,survivalandmaintenanceofperipheralandcentralnervoussystem.Therefore,neurotrophicfactorissuehasbeenextensivelyinvestigatedintothecontextofneurodegenerativediseases.Alzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseshowchangesintheregulationofspecificneurotrophicfactorsandtheirreceptors,whichappeartobecriticalforneuronaldegeneration.Indeed,neurotrophicfactorspreventcelldeathindegenerativeprocessesandcanenhancethegrowthandfunctionofaffectedneuronsinthesedisorders.Basedonrecentreports,thisreviewdiscussesthemainfindingsrelatedtotheneurotrophicfactorsupport–mainlybrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorandglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor–inthesurvival,proliferationandmaturationofaffectedneuronsinAlzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseaswellastheirputativeapplicationasnewtherapeuticapproachforthesediseasesmanagement.

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简介：BACKGROUND:Itisdifficulttoattractinterestinnon-compulsory,preventive,medicalcare,andpersonsdiagnosedwithcertaindiseasesoftenignoretheexistenceofthesediseases.However,Huntington'sdisease(HD)isanexception.OBJECTIVE:ToqualitativelyanalyzefactorsmotivatingHDpatientstoparticipateinastudy,namelytheEuropeanHuntington'sDiseaseNetwork(EHDN)REGISTRY.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:AnobservationalsurveywasconductedintheEHDNStudySiteinPoznan,Polandbetween2007and2008.PARTICIPANTS:Thestudyinvolved22personsaffectedwithHDand3pre-symptomaticindividuals,totaling9malesand16females.The24participantsinthisstudyhad24differentcaregivers.Atotalof25symptomaticorpre-symptomaticsubjectsparticipatedintheinitialREGISTRYvisit,aswellas6inthesecond,and1inthethird.Allsubjectsdidnotknoweachotherpriortothevisit.METHODS:AmutationintheIT15genewasconfirmedineachpatientorpre-symptomaticmutationcarrier.Anin-depthinterviewproduceddetailedinformationontheHDpatients,aswellasthecaregivers,fortheREGISTRYstudy.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:AqualitativeanalysisofthefactorsmotivatingHDpatientsandthepre-symptomaticmutationcarrierstoparticipateintheREGISTRYlongitudinal,observational,researchprojectwasperformed.RESULTS:TheprimarymotivatingfactorforinvolvementofHDpatientsandthecaregiversintheREGISTRYstudywasthehopethataneffectiveHDtherapywouldsoonbediscovered.InHDpatientsandthepre-symptomaticgroup,theresponsetoparticipateintheREGISTRYprojectreached100%,despitethefactthattheyknewtheprojectwasonlyanobservationalstudy.CONCLUSION:Patienthopeisthoughttobeafactorforengaginginpreventive,therapeuticactivities.However,thisisrarelymentionedinmedicalpapersandclinicaltextbooks,andisusuallyoverlookedinmedicalteaching.Clearly,effortsshouldbemadetoincludethisinclinicalpractice.

简介：目的探讨脑室-腹腔分流术后感染保守治疗的效果。方法2001年2月至2014年5月保守治疗16例脑室-腹腔分流术后感染。结果14例脑脊液培养阳性,其中葡萄球菌4例,金黄色葡萄球菌2例,屎球菌、粪球菌、绿脓杆菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、隐球菌,产气芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌,不动杆菌各1例。14例未拔除分流管,行抗感染治疗后治愈。2例因为分流管堵塞,拔除分流管,抗感染治疗后痊愈。16例均治愈出院。出院后随访6个月至3年,平均2.5年,均未出现感染,2例重新置管。结论分流术后感染病人通过积极系统抗感染治疗,也能在不拔除分流管的情况下得到治愈。

简介：目的探讨外伤性骑跨横窦硬膜外血肿的诊断、手术时机、手术方法和愈后.方法回顾分析16例骑跨横硬膜外血肿的受伤机理、临床特点、诊断要点及手术方法.结果16例病人均手术治疗,15例痊愈,1例死亡.结论外伤性骑跨横窦硬膜外血肿的预后较好,单纯性硬膜外血肿一旦确诊,应尽早手术治疗.早期诊断、及时处理是抢救成功的关键.

简介：Parkinsonsdisease(PD)isacommon,progressiveneurodegenerativediseasecharacterisedbydegenerationofnigrostriataldopaminergicneurons,aggregationofα-synucleinandmotorsymptoms.Currentdopamine-replacementstrategiesprovidesymptomaticrelief,howevertheireffectivenesswearoffovertimeandtheirprolongeduseleadstodisablingside-effectsinPDpatients.ThereisthereforeacriticalneedtodevelopnewdrugsanddrugtargetstoprotectdopaminergicneuronsandtheiraxonsfromdegenerationinPD.Overrecentyears,therehasbeenrobustevidencegeneratedshowingthatepigeneticdysregulationoccursinPDpatients,andthatepigeneticmodulationisapromisingtherapeuticapproachforPD.Thisarticlefirstdiscussesthepresentevidenceimplicatingglobal,anddopaminergicneuron-specific,alterationsinthemethylomeinPD,andthetherapeuticpotentialofpharmacologicallytargetingthemethylome.Itthenfocusesonanothermechanismofepigeneticregulation,histoneacetylation,anddescribeshowthehistoneacetyltransferase(HAT)andhistonedeacetylase(HDAC)enzymesthatmediatethisprocessareattractivetherapeutictargetsforPD.Itdiscussestheuseofactivatorsand/orinhibitorsofHDACsandHATsinmodelsofPD,andhowtheseapproachesfortheselectivemodulationofhistoneacetylationelicitneuroprotectiveeffects.Finally,itoutlinesthepotentialofemployingsmallmoleculeepigeneticmodulatorsasneuroprotectivetherapiesforPD,andthefutureresearchthatwillberequiredtodetermineandrealisethistherapeuticpotential.

简介：目的探讨门诊式森田疗法治疗神经症的疗效。方法来自门诊的咨询患者，选择从症状中可见明显的“思想矛盾”和“精神交互作用”，对森田原理能够理解并愿意配合的16名神经症患者，运用森田疗法进行治疗，采用MMPI，SCL-90量表进行评定。结果治疗30.5±70.4天，咨询5～10次后，治愈7例，好转9例，无1例脱落，量表评定，至治疗结束时MMPI测试结果，除SI，HS，HY外，各量表分值均显著下降；SCL-90测试结果；除偏执，精神病性因子分值高外，总分和其它因子均显著下降。结论运用森田疗法的原理和指导思想，对合适的门诊患者进行治疗，可收到较好疗效。

简介：目的：检测２０例小儿脑软质瘤中Ｐ１６基因及其蛋白的存在情况。方法用聚合酶链式反应－单链构象多态性分析和免疫组织化学技术检测了２０例１－１４岁小儿脑胶质瘤。成果显示Ｐ１６基因和Ｐ１６蛋白的丢失率分别为５０％（１０／２０％）及（５／２０）。结论本文结果提示Ｐ１６基因和蛋白缺失可能与部分小儿脑有质瘤发生，发展有关。

简介：Propofolcaninhibittheinflammatoryresponseandreducethesecretionandharmfuleffectsofastrocyte-derivedproinflammatorycytokines.Inthisstudy,afterpropofolwasinjectedintotheinjuredsciaticnerveofmice,nuclearfactorkappaBexpressionintheL4-6segmentsofthespinalcordintheinjuredsidewasreduced,apoptosiswasdecreased,nervemyelindefectswerealleviated,andthenerveconductionblockwaslessened.Theexperimentalfindingsindicatethatpropofolinhibitstheinflammatoryandimmuneresponses,decreasestheexpressionofnuclearfactorkappaB,andreducesapoptosis.Theseeffectsofpropofolpromoteregenerationfollowingsciaticnerveinjury.

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简介：BACKGROUND:ToevaluatethequalityoftheliteratureaddressingtraditionalChinesemedicinefortreatingParkinson'sdisease.DATASOURCE:Acomputer-basedonlinesearchofChinesepublicationsfromJanuary2001toJuly2008wasconductedinChineseBiologyMedicalDiscDatabaseandChinaNationalKnowledgeInfrastructure.SearchkeywordswereParkinson'sdisease,integratedtraditionalChineseandWesternmedicine,traditionalChinesemedicinetherapy,andChineseherbtherapy.DATASELECTION:Articlesdescribingrandomized,controlledtrialsandquasi-randomized,controlledtrialswereincluded.Literaturequalitywasassessedusingthecriteria-SystematicevaluationofclinicalliteraturerelatedtotreatmentofParkinson'sdiseasewithtraditionalChinesemedicine.Thisincludedmethodology,interventionsinthetreatment/controlgroup,evaluationcriterionofoutcomes,andfrequency.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Evaluationcriterionofoutcomes(variousscoremethodsandevaluationscales),methodologicalquality,andfrequencydistributionwereallmeasured.RESULTS:Atotalof33articleswithrandomized,controlledtrialswereincluded.Ofthese,sixdescribedarandommethod,andtheremainingdidnotdescriberandomallocationmethodsorrandomsequencegenerationmethods.Noneofthestudiesestimatedsamplesize.Casedescriptionsofwithdrawalandlosstofollow-upwereunclear.BoththeUnifiedParkinson'sDiseaseRatingScaleandWebsterscalewereusedintheeligiblestudiesasevaluationcriteria.CONCLUSION:Therearenohigh-qualitystudiesthataddresstraditionalChinesemedicinetherapyandintegratedtraditionalChineseandWesternmedicinefortreatingParkinson'sdiseaseinChina.EligiblestudieswerenotperformedinaccordancewithConsolidatedStandardsofReportingTrialsstatementorStandardsforReportingInterventionsinControlledTrialsofAcupuncturecriteria,andtheliteraturequalitywaslow.ThepresentlyusedcriteriaforevaluatingtherapeuticeffectsdonotcompletelyassessoutcomesoftraditionalCh

简介：Parkinson’sdisease(PD)isanage-relatedneurodegenerativedisordercharacterizedbytypicalmotorsignsandsymptomsthatareduetodopamine(DA)depletioninthebasalganglia.ThetreatmentofPDissymptomatic,andaimsatreplacingthelostDAinputusingeitherL-DOPAorDAagonists.ThecausesofPDareunknownin

简介：SubthalamicnucleusdeepbrainstimulationhasbecomeastandardneurosurgicaltherapyforadvancedParkinson’sdisease.Subthalamicnucleusdeepbrainstimulationcandramaticallyimprovethemotorsymptomsofcarefullyselectedpatientswiththisdisease.Surprisingly,somespecificdimensionsofqualityoflife,"psychological"aspectsandsocialadjustmentdonotalwaysimprove,andtheycouldsometimesbeevenworse.Patientsandtheirfamiliesshouldfullyunderstandthatsubthalamicnucleusdeepbrainstimulationcanalterthemotorstatusandtimeisneededtoreadapttotheirnewpostoperativestateandlifestyles.Thispaperreviewstheliteraturesregardingeffectsofbilateralsubthalamicnucleusdeepbrainstimulationonsocialadjustment,qualityoflifeandcopingstrategiesinpatientswithParkinson’sdisease.ThefindingsmayhelptounderstandthepsychosocialmaladjustmentandpoorimprovementinqualityoflifeinsomeParkinson’sdiseasepatients.

简介：Genisteiniseffectiveagainstamyloid-βtoxicity,buttheunderlyingmechanismsareunclear.Wehypothesizedthatgenisteinmayprotectneuronsbyinhibitingthemitochondrialapoptoticpathway,andtherebyplayaroleinthepreventionofAlzheimer'sdisease.AratmodelofAlzheimer'sdiseasewasestablishedbyintraperitonealinjectionofD-galactoseandintracerebralinjectionofamyloid-βpeptide(25–35).Inthegenisteintreatmentgroups,a7-daypretreatmentwithgenistein(10,30,90mg/kg)wasgivenpriortoestablishingAlzheimer'sdiseasemodel,for49consecutivedays.Terminaldeoxyribonucleotidyltransferase-mediateddUTPnickendlabelingassaydemonstratedareductioninapoptosisinthehippocampusofratstreatedwithgenistein.Westernblotanalysisshowedthatexpressionlevelsofcapase-3,Baxandcytochromecweredecreasedcomparedwiththemodelgroup.Furthermore,immunohistochemicalstainingrevealedreductionsincytochromecandBaximmunoreactivityintheserats.MorriswatermazerevealedasubstantialshorteningofescapelatencybygenisteininAlzheimer'sdiseaserats.Thesefindingssuggestthatgenisteindecreasesneuronallossinthehippocampus,andimproveslearningandmemoryability.Theneuroprotectiveeffectsofgenisteinareassociatedwiththeinhibitionofthemitochondrialapoptoticpathway,asshownbyitsabilitytoreducelevelsofcaspase-3,Baxandcytochromec.

简介：目的为了研究已婚和未婚女性在性发育、婚姻和个性上的差异。方法采用填写自编问卷和16PF人格测定。结果未婚组的初次作爱时间和人流时间明显早于已婚组，前者人格特征也不同于后者。结论未婚组的年龄与文化较低，外地人口居多，说明未婚组客居他乡，过早参与社会竞争，接触面较杂，人格自律性差，在缺乏家庭关爱和约束的情况下，容易对性行为采取不慎重态度，以致过早作爱。

简介：目的总结单侧Poppen入路显微手术治疗松果体区脑膜瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2013年7月收治16例松果体区脑膜瘤患者的临床资料，均采用显微手术切除肿瘤，其中经右侧Poppen入路13例、左侧人路3例，术中行脑室引流术处理脑积水4例。结果肿瘤全切除12例，次全切除3例，大部分切除1例。病理学诊断均为脑膜瘤。术后发生同向偏盲2例，Parinaud综合征加重1例，复视加重1例。11例（全切8例，未全切3例）术后随访0．5—4年，全切患者均恢复；未全切患者行放疗，随访肿瘤无进展。结论单侧Poppen入路显微手术适用于大部分中小型松果体区脑膜瘤；对于体积较大或者对侧侵袭较多的脑膜瘤，因显露不完全而难以全切，小脑幕上下或者大脑镰两侧联合入路可作为备选方案。术中或术前行脑室外引流术可增加术中显露程度，提高手术效果。

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简介：Labbe＇s静脉是连接大脑中浅静脉和横窦之间的吻合静脉,又称下吻合静脉,在脑的静脉回流中起着重要的作用[1,2]。重型颅脑损伤合并Labbe＇s静脉损伤时常可导致严重后果,由于颅脑损伤的复杂性,如同时合并Labbe＇s静脉损伤使治疗更为困难。本文通过对榆林市北方医院自2006年3月至2012年2月采用手术治疗的36例重型颅脑损伤同时合并Labbe＇s静脉损伤病例分析，探讨最佳的治疗方案，现报告如下。

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