简介：Overthepasttwodecadesconsiderableprogresshasbeenmadeinunderstandingtheototoxiceffectsandmechanismsunderlyingloopdiuretics.Astypicalrepresentativeofloopdiureticsethacrynicacidorfurosemideonlyinducestemporaryhearingloss,butrarelypermanentdeafnessunlessappliedinsevereacuteorchronicrenalfailureorwithotherototoxicdrugs.Loopdiureticinduceuniquepathologicalchangesinthecochleasuchasformationofedematousspacesintheepitheliumofthestriavascularis,whichleadstorapiddecreaseoftheendolymphaticpotentialandeventuallossofthecochlearmicrophonicpotential,summatingpotential,andcompoundactionpotential.LoopdiureticsinterferewithstrialadenylatecyclaseandNat/Kt-ATPaseandinhibittheNa-K-2Clcotransporterinthestriavascularis,howeverrecentreportsindicatethatoneoftheearliesteffectsinvivoistoabolishbloodflowinthevesselssupplyingthelateralwall.Sinceethacrynicaciddoesnotdamagethestriavascularisinvitro,thechangesinNat/Kt-ATPaseandNa-K-2Clseeninvivomaybesecondaryeffectsresultsfromstrialischemiaandanoxia.Recentobservationsshowingthatreninispresentinpericytessurroundingstriaarteriolessuggestthatdiureticsmayinducelocalvasoconstrictionbyreninsecretionandangiotensinformation.Thetightjunctionsintheblood-cochleabarrierpreventtoxicmoleculesandpathogensfromenteringcochlea,butwhendiureticsinduceatransientischemia,thebarrieristemporarilydisruptedallowingtheentryoftoxicchemicalsorpathogens.

简介：Fuelcellsandelectrolysisarepromisingcandidatesforfutureenergyproductionfromrenewableenergysources.Usually,polymerelectrolytefuelcellsystemsrunonhydrogenandair,whilethemostofelectrolysissystemsventoutoxygenasunusedby-product.Replacingairwithpureoxygen,fuelcellelectrochemicalperformance,durabilityandsystemefficiencycanbesignificantlyincreasedwithafurtheroverallsystemsimplificationandincreasedreliability.Thiswork,whichrepresentstheinitialstepforpureH2/O2polymerelectrolytefuelcelloperationinclosed-loopsystems,focusesonperformancevalidationofasinglecelloperatingwithpureH2/O2underdifferentrelativehumidity（RH）levels,reactantsstoichiometryconditionsandtemperature.Asaresultofthisstudy,themostconvenientandappropriateoperativeconditionsforapolymerelectrolytefuelcellstackintegratedinaclosedloopsystemwereselected.

简介：Aswitchableandtunableytterbium-dopedfiberringlaser(YDFL)isreportedanddemonstrated.EmployingaSagnacloopmirrorfabricatedbyan85-cm-longpolarization-maintainingfiber(PMF),theproposedYDFLcanoperatewithstabledual-wavelengthlasingortunablesingle-wavelengthlasingaround1064nm.Bothstabledual-wavelengthlasingandtunablesingle-wavelengthlasingareachievedbyadjustingapolarizationcontrollerintheSagnacloopmirror.Theexperimentalresultsshowthattheoutputoftheproposedfiberlaserwithtwodifferentoperationmodesisratherstableatroomtemperature.

简介：AsoneofthekeyunitsofspaceCCDcamera,thetemperaturerangeandstabilityofCCDcomponentsaffecttheimage’sindexes.Reasonablethermaldesignandrobustthermalcontroldevicesareneeded.Onekindoftemperaturecontrolloopheatpipe(TCLHP)isdesigned,whichhighlymeetsthethermalcontrolrequirementsofCCDcomponents.InordertostudythedynamicbehaviorsofheatandmasstransferofTCLHP,particularlyintheorbitalflightcase,atransientnumericalmodelisdevelopedbyusingthewell-establishedempiricalcorrelationsforflowmodelswithinthreedimensionalthermalmodeling.Thetemperaturecontrolprincipleanddetailsofmathematicalmodelarepresented.Themodelisusedtostudyoperatingstate,flowandheatcharacteristicsbasedupontheanalysesofvariationsoftemperature,pressureandqualityunderdifferentoperatingmodesandexternalheatfluxvariations.TheresultsindicatethatTCLHPcansatisfythethermalcontrolrequirementsofCCDcomponentswell,andalwaysensuregoodtemperaturestabilityanduniformity.Bycomparisonbetweenflightdataandsimulatedresults,itisfoundthatthemodelistobeaccuratetowithin1℃.ThemodelcanbebetterusedforpredictingandunderstandingthetransientperformanceofTCLHP.

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简介：2D转制3D，并不是一件简单的事情，因为要在原本只有XY的坐标系上再加上一个Z轴的深度——而这个Z轴深浅的多寡，是基于人类的视觉体验而确定的。对于没有CG成分的影片来说，这意昧着工作人员需要手工在像素级别上进行细致的调整——这是一项非常劳累而且复杂的工作。所以，站在视觉的角度上说，3D转制，有一个更加专业和准确的名词：3D视觉重建。

简介：Newmetal-freeorganicdyesensitizerscontainingmono-triphenylamineorbis-triphenylamineastheelectrondonor,athiopheneastheπ-conjugatedsystem,andacyanoacrylicacidmoietyastheelectronacceptorweresynthesized.Theopticalandelectrochemicalpropertiesofthedyeswereinvestigated,andtheirperformanceassensitizersinsolarcellswasevaluated.Dye-sensitizedsolarcellsbasedondyecontainingbis-triphenylamineastheelectrondonorproducedaphoton-to-currentconversionefficiencyof6.06%(Jsc=14.21mA/cm~2,Voc=0.62V,ff=0.69)under100mW/cm~2simulatedAM1.5Gsolarirradiation(100mW/cm~2).

简介：Anovelmagneticfieldsensingsystembasedonthefiberloopring-downtechniqueisproposedinthispaper.Inthefiberloop,aU-bentsingle-mode-fiberstructurecoatedwithmagneticfluid(MF)servesasthesensinghead,andanerbium-dopedfiberamplifier(EDFA)isintroducedtocompensatefortheintrinsiclossofthecavity.Thering-downtimeofthesystemvarieswiththechangeofappliedmagneticfieldduetothetunableabsorptioncoefficientandrefractiveindexoftheMF.Therefore,measurementofthemagneticfieldcanberealizedbymonitoringtheringdowntime.Theexperimentalresultsshowthattheperformanceofthesystemisextremelydependentontheinterrogationwavelength,becauseboththegainoftheEDFAandthelossofthesensingheadarewavelengthdependent.Wefoundthatattheoptimalwavelength,theratioofthegaintolossattaineditsmaximum.Thesensingsystemwasexperimentallydemonstratedandasensitivityof-0.5951μs∕Oewasachieved.

简介：这台3D打印机可以在24小时内打印出一栋200平方米的建筑，大大提高了效率、节约了材料、降低了成本。3D打印房子时，计算机操控着机械装置，打印喷嘴挤出“油墨”（特殊配方的混凝土），一层一层将设计蓝图打印成一栋房子。

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简介：摘要数据可视化，顾名思义，就是以视觉的形式将数据呈现出来，让人用二维以及三维视觉去观察数据。本文的研究对象是可视化数据在虚拟手术和人体解剖中的应用及其特点。数据能够以二维视觉或三维视觉的形式表现出来，二维可视化数据能够随意操控数据，实现数据的放大，缩小和旋转。数据的三维可视化比二维可视化在结构上更为复杂，根据其信息量大，数据清晰的特征，研究其在虚拟手术中的应用，并且构建针对人体解剖的数据模型。立足于数据的三维可视化，本文对VRML进行开发，从而重新构建人体三维。

简介：Tosolvetheflightsafetyproblemcausedbynonlinearinstabilities(categoryIIpilotinducedoscillations,PIOs)oftheclosed-looppilot-vehiclesystemwithrate-limitingactuator,theantiwindup(AW)compensationmethodtoavoidcategoryIIPIOsisinvestigated.Firstly,theAWcompensationmethodoriginallyusedforcontrollinginputmagnitudelimitedsystemisintroduced,thenthismethodisextendedforcontrollinginputrate-limitingsystemthroughacirclecriteriontheorem.Secondly,theestablishmentoftheAWcompensatoristransformedintothesolvingoflinearmatrixinequalities.Finally,anAWcompensatorestablishmentalgorithmfortheclosed-looppilot-vehiclesystemwiththerate-limitingactuatorisobtained.TheeffectivenessoftheAWcompensationmethodtoavoidcategoryIIPIOsisvalidatedbytime-domainsimulations,andcomparedwithrate-limitedfeedback(RLF)commandratecompensationmethod.TheresultsshowthattheAWcompensationmethodcaneffectivelysuppresscategoryIIPIOsandmaintainthenominalperformancewhentheclosed-looppilot-vehiclesystemisnormal.Unlikethecommandratecompensatorwhichworksuponsystemuninterruptedly,theAWcompensationmethodaffectstheclosed-looppilot-vehiclesystemonlywhentherate-limitingofactuatorisactivated,soitisanovelPIOavoidancemethod.

简介：在抗日战争胜利70周年大阅兵的武器装备方阵中，有一款武器引起了世界各国和一些军事强国的强烈关注。它的出现具有一定的划时代意义，同时它也代表了中国军事装备科技的最前沿力量。

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简介：摘要D2D通信技术是一种终端直通技术种类，在实际应用中能够提高频谱利用效率，降低蜂窝网络运行压力，但是D2D通信技术在实际应用上还存在一定局限性，造成并不能够广泛在蜂窝网络通信中应用。基于中继和多天线技术的D2D通信系统就能有有效解决传统D2D通信技术所存在的局限性问题，本文就对于基于中继和多天线技术的D2D通信性能应用进行分析。

简介：摘要现代社会已经进入信息化时代，随着人们生活水平的提升，各种各样的智能移动设备应用越来越多，很多人都提高了对网络流量的需求。为满足人们的实际需求，D2D通信技术被应用进来，尽管该通信技术具有很多优点，但在利用D2D的过程中却发现，由于D2D用户需要借助复用蜂窝强化资源利用率，很可能给小区蜂窝用户带来一定干扰，且缺少对蜂窝与D2D混合通信网络干扰协调技术的研究，因此，本文将从D2D通信技术基本情况入手，结合D2D通信系统干扰分析与管理，重点研究基于用户的中断概率干扰协调技术。

简介：MessiwontheBallond＇OrtrophyinZurichon2015January11th,Mondayastheworld＇sbestplayer,endingCristianoRonaldo＇stwo-yearholdonsoccer＇stopindividualhonor.瑞士苏黎世当地时间1月11日，梅西荣膺2015世界最佳球员奖项--金球奖，结束了C罗此前两年对这一足坛个人最高荣誉的垄断。

简介：全球首座功能完善的3D打印办公楼在阿联酋的旅游与商业中心迪拜建成。

简介：2014年全国建筑企业完成建筑业总产值17．7万亿元，增长10.2％，毋庸置疑，建筑业为国民经济的健康持续发展做出了重要贡献。然而，我国建筑企业生产效率与发达国家相比，

简介：这款纯电动概念车基于大众MEB（电气模块化）平台打造，个头小于高尔夫，车身非常紧凑，线条非常流畅，前脸没有进气格栅，只是在保险杠下方开设了高密度带状孔，科幻感十足。