简介:Inthispaper,buildingtogrid(B2G)andvehicletogrid(V2G)havebeendefinedwithclearandpracticalunderstanding.Bothofthemarenewgenerationtechnologieswhicharetheessentialpartofsmartcitylivingandcrowdenergyclustering.Firstly,anin-detailedoverviewhasbeenprovidedwithanintroductiontoB2GandV2Gfollowedbyahistoricaloverviewandtheoreticalanalysisinrespecttosmartcityplanning.Next,areviewisconductedoncurrentandprevioussmartlivingresearch,whichdealswithB2GandV2G.EfficientB2GandV2Gimplementationsinpracticalcasesthenhavebeendiscussed.Lastly,bothofthesetechnicalprospectshavebeenanalyzedincrowdenergydiagram.
简介:摘要:电动汽车与电网双向交互可以充分发挥电动汽车电池的储能特性在电网负荷过高时,电网可以调控电动汽车在必要时向电网放电;在负荷较低时,电动汽车可以通过电网汲取所需的电量。要实现V2G,就必须实现对电动汽车的有序充放电管理。随着电动汽车的渗透率逐年增高,区域电网的峰谷差将进步增大,可能会超过该区域内的配电设备的容量限制。因此,应充分利用峰谷分时电价的优势,有序控制电动汽车充放电,实现电力资源的最优配置。本文提出的区域有序充放电策略将实现以下几个目标:1)满足用户的充电需求;2)实现“削峰填谷”,维持电网稳定运行;3)最大限度的利用配电设施,提高电动汽车的接纳能力;4)计算V2G模式下的峰谷差大小、负荷波动范围以及V2G参与的预算等指标进而分析台区成效,充分验证了多场景下V2G商业价值。
简介:群对群(G2G)计算是一种基于G2G网络的分布式计算。G2G计算得益于灵活的分群,相同属性或任务的群内计算。本文提出了一个有门户网站结构,基于G2G计算的搜索服务。G2G搜索服务是一个混合搜索系统,既有分布式的搜索服务,又采用了集中式的搜索服务。采用G2G搜索服务的好处之一是,用户既参与了系统的分布式搜索任务,又能向系统请求搜索服务。采用G2G搜索服务的好处之二是,用部分的集中式结构把分散的局域搜索系统关联起来,扩大了系统的搜索效能。
简介:In[1],ShenGuangyuconstructedseveralclassesofnewsimpleLiealgebrasofcharacteristic2,whicharecalledthevariationsofG2.Inthispaper,theauthorsinvestigatetheirderivationalgebras.ItisshownthatG2anditsvariationsallpossessuniquenondegenerateassociativeforms.TheauthorsalsofindsomenonsingularderivationsofViGfori=3,4,5,6,andtherebyconstructsomeleft-symmetricstructuresonViGfori=3,4,5,6.Someerrorsaboutthevariationsofsi(3,F)in[1]arecorrected.
简介:Theeffectofbismuth(Bi)forbothVO2+/VO2+andV3+/V2+redoxcouplesinvanadiumflowbatteries(VFBs)hasbeeninvestigatedbydirectlyintroducingBionthesurfaceofcarbonfelt(CF).TheresultsshowthatBihasnocatalyticeffectforVO2+/VO2+redoxcouple.Duringthefirstchargeprocess,BiisoxidizedtoBi3+(neverreturnbacktoBimetalinthesubsequentcycles)duetothelowstandardredoxpotentialof0.308V(vs.SHE)forBi3+/BiredoxcouplecomparedwithVO2+/VO2+redoxcoupleandBi3+exhibitno(orneglectable)electro-catalyticactivity.Additionally,therelationshipbetweenBiloadingandelectrochemicalactivityforV3+/V2+redoxcouplewasstudiedindetail.2wt%Bi-modifiedcarbonfelt(2%-BiCF)exhibitsthehighestelectrochemicalactivity.Usingitasnegativeelectrode,ahighenergyefficiency(EE)of79.0%canbeachievedatahighcurrentdensityof160mA/cm2,whichis5.5%higherthanthepristineone.Moreover,theelectrolyteutilizationratioisalsoincreasedbymorethan30%.Eventhecelloperatedat140mA/cm2forover300cycles,theEEcanreach80.9%withoutobviousfluctuationandattenuation,suggestingexcellentcatalyticactivityandelectrochemicalstabilityinVFBs.
简介:通过对汉语V1+N+V2结构的自主/依存分析,认为V1+N+V2结构表达的语义内容是[V1N]和[V2N]两个事件的联结,N的语义重合是[V1N]和[、陀N]两个事件联结的必要条件。汉语V1+N+V2结构既可以表达因果关系又可以表达动作/目的关系的内在动因是N与V1和V2不同的联结方式。因果类V1+N+V2结构中的N凸显的语义侧面,对V1和V2凸显的界标和射体做出阐释,形成[V1N]和[NV2]两个事件,表达一种因果关系;而动作/目的类V1+N+V2结构中的N凸显的语义侧面,对V1和v2凸显的界标做出阐释,形成[V1N]和[V2N]两个事件,表达一种动作/目的关系。