简介:Thispaperexaminestherelativestrengthoffactorsinpredictingtheonsetofafinancialcrisisintheemergingmarketduringthe1990s.Weestimateaprobitmodelbasedonthequarterlydataof18countries.Theresultssuggestthatthemis-managementintheeconomyandbankingsystem,theshiftsintheinternationalconditionsandthedepthofcontagioneffectsarestronglyassociatedwiththepresenceofcrises.Someoftheresultsaresomewhatdifferentfromtheotherempiricalstudiesbasedonannualdata.Acarefulanalysisoftheprobabilitydistributionsshowedthattheresultswereclosetobeingcorrectinover90%ofthecases.
简介:AbstractExposure to outdoor air pollution has been consistently associated with asthma. In this study, we reviewed the epidemiological studies published within the last 5 years on the association between outdoor air pollution and exacerbation and onset of asthma. A large number of studies have been published within the last 5 years. Short-term exposure to outdoor air pollution is associated with exacerbation of pre-existing asthma, manifested as worsening of symptoms and increasing of asthma-related emergency room visits and hospital admissions. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution can result in onset of asthma. Children are more susceptible to outdoor air pollution. Future studies should be conducted to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between air pollutants and onset of asthma, including gene involvement. In addition, disentangling the effect of a mixture of air pollutants and identifying the key components of air pollution will complete the existing evidence. More importantly, a better understanding is required on the future impact of air pollution on asthma under a changing climate.
简介:在这篇论文,关于亚洲热带夏天季风(ATSM)的发作的相对系统的climatological研究被执行。基于ATSM发作,ATSM最新被献殷勤的全部的然后ATSM第一爆发在热带东方印度洋和中间、南部的印度支那半岛上的看法的一个统一索引进一步被记录,它在第26五(关于5月10日),然后在在第28五的华南海(SCS)上。看起来,在二个区域上的ATSM发作属于一样的季风系统的不同阶段。然后,ATSM的发作机制被全面分析进一步在陆地海上调查热力学的对比,intraseasonal摆动,等等并且影响ATSM发作的几个关键因素被提出。把结果基于这些,大气的发行量的ATSM第一爆发在热带东方印度洋,印度支那半岛,和SCS上的图解的地图也是的可能的climatological介绍的、也就是季节的进化是季风发作的背景;改进并且向北方在印度支那半岛和它的附近的区域上的传送对流,理智的加热并且潜伏的加热进展,在东方西藏的高原上的印度缅甸马槽,和西的温暖的移流的戏剧的加深是夏天季风发作的主要驱动力,它做了区域和上升运动开发的在这上第一反向的温度的南方的坡度。然后,热带季风和降水很快发展了并且提高。30-60-day和10-20-day的阶段锁低频率摆动从不同来源发源是为夏天季风发作的另一个被触发的因素。它只是最早导致了ATSM的这些因素的普通效果在这个区域上的发作。
简介:Anti-androgentherapyistheleadingtreatmentforadvancedprostatecancerandiscommonlyusedforneoadjuvantoradjuvanttreatment.Bicalutamideisanon-steroidalanti-androgen,usedduringtheinitiationofandrogendeprivationtherapyalongwithaluteinizinghormone-releasinghormoneagonisttoreducethesymptomsoftumor-relatedflaresinpatientswithadvancedprostatecancer.Assideeffects,bicalutamidecancausefatigue,gynecomastia,anddecreasedlibidothroughcompetitiveandrogenreceptorblockade.Additionally,althoughnotascommon,drug-inducedliverinjuryhasalsobeenreported.Herein,wereportacaseofhepatotoxicitysecondarytobicalutamideuse.Typically,bicalutamideinducedhepatotoxicitydevelopsafterafewdays;however,inthiscase,hepaticinjuryoccurred5moaftertreatmentinitiation.Basedonthisrarecaseofdelayedliverinjury,werecommendcarefulmonitoringofliverfunctionthroughoutbicalutamidetreatmentforprostatecancer.
简介:AbstractThe treatments for early-onset scoliosis (EOS) remain great challenges for spine surgeons. This study aimed to comprehensively review the treatments for EOS, especially the advancements made in the last decade. Current studies on EOS were retrieved through a search on PubMed, UpToDate, the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus were reviewed. The most pertinent information related to the current treatments for EOS was collected. The foci of treatments for EOS have included creating a well-developed thoracic cavity, improving lung volume, and improving pulmonary function. Conservative treatments include bracing, casting, halo-gravity traction, and physiotherapy. Serial casting is the most effective conservative treatment for EOS. Surgical treatments mainly include growth-friendly techniques, which are generally classified into three types according to the amount of correction force applied: distraction-based, compression-based, and growth-guided. The distraction-based systems include traditional or conventional growing rods, magnetically controlled growing rods, and vertical expandable prosthesis titanium ribs. The compression-based systems include vertebral body stapling and tethering. The growth-guided systems include the Shilla system and modern Luque trolley. In addition, some newer techniques have emerged in recent years, such as posterior dynamic deformity correction (ApiFix). For EOS patients presenting with sharp deformities in a long, congenital spinal deformity, a hybrid technique, one-stage posterior osteotomy with short segmental fusion and dual growing rods, may be a good choice. Hemivertebra resection is the gold standard for congenital scoliosis caused by single hemivertebra. Although the patient’s growth potential is preserved in growth-friendly surgeries, a high complication rate should be expected, as well as a prolonged treatment duration and additional costs. Knowledge about EOS and its treatment options is rapidly expanding. Conservative treatments have specific limitations. For curves requiring a surgical intervention, surgical techniques may vary depending on the patients’ characteristics, the surgeon’s experience, and the actual state of the country.
简介:BasedongoverningequationsofsaturatedporousmediaandLiapunov'sstabilityhere,onsetconditionsmatrixofporousmediausedbysolidstressandTerzaghi'seffectivestressconstitutivedescriptionunderseepageflowstate,arepresented,whichhavedifferentformswithdifferentrepresentationofthesolidphase,matrixorskeleton,constitutivemodelofporousmedia.Themaindifferencerelateswithhowtodescribetheinteractionbetweensolidphaseandliquidphaseinconstitutivemodel.ThederivedonsetconditionofstrainlocalizationunderTerzaghi'seffectivestressdescriptioncanbeusedtointerpretdifferentfailuretypes,pipingeffect,landslidesandmudflows,bymeansofthetypeandthemagnituderatioofrelativemovementbetweensolidphaseandliquidphase.Exampleshereilluminatetheonsetconditionofhowtowork.
简介:瞄准:估计probioticBifidobacteriumlactis的反煽动性的效果(B。lactis)在大肠炎的一个采纳转移模型。方法:施主和接受者老鼠收到了任何一个B。lactis或象在在天真、规章的T房间的混合的转移以前喝水一个星期直到牺牲的控制(deManRogosaSharpe)中等的细菌的文化。结果:所有接受者老鼠开发了结肠的发炎的符号,但是重量损失的重要减小在B被观察。与控制鼠标相比的喂lactis的接受者鼠标。而且,向mucosal厚度和稀释上皮的损坏的减少的一个趋势被揭示。支持inflammatory和T房间标记的结肠的表示显著地在B被减少。与控制相比的喂lactis的接受者老鼠。附随地,forkhead盒子蛋白质3,规章的T房间的一个标记,由B是显著地起来调整的。lactis。结论:B的每天口头的管理。lactis对煽动性的还原剂和T房间调停人有能力,在一只老鼠的特定的标记大肠炎当模特儿支持规章的T房间。
简介:AnalternativeindexfortheonsetofsummermonsoonovertheSouthChinaSea(SCS)hasbeendesignedbasedonthereanalysisdataoftheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction-NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(NCEP/NCAR).ItisfoundthatthedifferencebetweenthegeopotentialthicknessoverGuangzhouandManilacanbeusedasanalternativeindexfortheonsetofsummermonsoonovertheSCS.SincetheconvectiveheatingaltersthegeopotentialheightandthedistancebetweenGuangzhouandManilaisofsynopticscaleinthegeostraphicframework,theindexcanrepresentthestrengthofheatingandthefirstbarocliniccellovertheSCS.Bycomparisonbetweendifferentindices,itisfoundthatthesummermonsoononsetovertheSCScanbeascertainedbytheverticalzonalwindshearbetween200hPaand850hPa,thezonalwindat850hPa,theOLRanomaly,andthealternativeindexdefinedinthepresentpaper.Themeridionalwindshearbetween200hPaand850hPaalwaysappearsovertheSCSmuchearlierthanthezonalwindshearandcannotbeusedasanindexunderconsideration.
简介:UsingNCEPreanalysisdataandanairflowtrajectorymodelbasedontheLagrangianmethod,theHybridSingle-ParticleLagrangianIntegratedTrajectory(HYSPLIT)model,thedailybackwardtrajectoriesontheheightof850hPaabovetheSouthChinaSea(SCS)areaaresimulatedfromApriltoJune.TheonsetdateoftheSCSsummermonsoonfrom1948to2009isdeterminedaccordingtothesimulatedsourceofairflowinthemonitoredareaoftheSCS.ByanalyzingtheSCSmonsoononsetdatesoverthe62years,wefoundthatthenumberofyearsinwhichtheSCSmonsoononsetisearlieraccountsfor13%,andthelateryears14%,thenormalyears73%,ofallthe62years.AnalyseswiththeLagrangianmethod,doneincomparisonwiththeothertwomethodswhichcombinewindandpotentialpseudo-equivalenttemperature,wereperformedtodeterminetheonsetdatesoftheSCSsummermonsoon.Insomeyears,thesourceofthesouthwestairflowinthemonitoredareaoftheSCSisinthesubtropicalregionbeforetheonsetoftheSCSmonsoon,sotheairflowfromthesubtropicscanbedistinguishedwiththeairflowfromthetropicsbyusingtheLagrangianmethod.Thesimulationbythetrajectorymodelindicatedthatinsomeyears,aftertheonsetofSCSsummermonsoon,theSCSwillbecontrolledbythesoutheastwindinsteadofthesouthwesterlyusuallyexpected.
简介:在通过β飞机barotropic的reinvestigated与加热和驱散的考虑建模的热带空气的多重equilibria和他们的稳定性。Wehave首先导出相应于多重equilibria或稳定流的模型方程的答案,然后直接由theLiapunov的使用为稳定流的稳定性建立标准方法。这些标准什么时候被用于equilibria的答案,获得了;马厩在热带区域与伪静止的循环的不同模式有关仔细流动,它是,被发现。在他们中的二个之间的这些稳定的流动和移动的配置作为季节变化提供相当合理的解释给象发作的大祸机制和亚洲夏季风的break-activecycle那样的热带发行量特征的许多基本问题。因而,发作或Asiansummer季风的突然的转变能被归因于热带发行量的多重平衡性质源于移流的非线性,它在其它之中提供另一解释。
简介:
简介:AIMTo在trabeculectomy.METHODSThis学习回顾地在trabeculectomy以后与迟了发作的过滤的水泡漏从106个病人考察了106只眼睛以后,为修理迟了发作的过滤水泡漏评估自体同源的结膜拍动外科的有效性从2005~2015在中山眼的中心收到了自体同源的结膜拍动外科。基本信息被记录,并且在trabeculectomy之间的间隔时间和象相关风险因素,intraocular压力(IOP),前面的房间深度(ACD)和最好一样的自体同源的结膜拍动外科改正了视觉尖酸(BCVA)被分析。而且,完成了的41个病人1年列在后面在上面被分析决定IOP和BCVA变化和50男性和56女性使遭到的长期的成功rates.RESULTSThe(平均年龄39.13???????日??€千???倠??????呍?倠??日????????‰??洳??