简介：Poly(styrene-glycidylmethacrylate)particleshavingbowl-shapedhollowstructuresweresynthesizedbyswollenseedemulsionpolymerization.ThePSemulsionsynthesizedthroughsoap-freeemulsionpolymerizationwasswollenbytoluene,andthenthemixtureofsecondmonomerswasaddedunderpolymerizationcondition.Soathinshellofpoly(styrene-glycidylmethacrylate)cross-linkedbytriethyleneglycoldiacrylatewasformedaroundtheswollenPSparticle.Thebowl-shapedparticleswereobtainedafterthecollapsingofthethinshellwhenthetolueneemanatedfromtheparticles,buttheshapeswereeffectedbythedegreesofcross-linking.TheshapeoftheparticleswasobservedbySEM.ThereleasebehaviorofsolventfromtheparticleswasexaminedbyTG.

简介：Apracticalmethodisdevelopedtodealwiththesecondquantizationofthemany-bodysystemcontainingthecompositeparticles.Inourtreatment,themodesassociatedwithcompositeparticlesareregardedapproximatelyasindependentonescomparedwiththoseofunboundparticles.ThefieldoperatorsofthecompositeparticlesthusarisenaturallyinthesecondquantizationHamiltonian.Tobeemphasized,thesecondquantizationHamiltonianhastheregularstructureswhichcorrespondclearlytodifferentphysicalprocesses.``

简介：Theworldsituation,asalwayscomplicatedandvolatile,hasseensome“newparticles”afterthewaronIraq.Thisisaspecialwarthathasaffectedthewholeworld.ThecourseandconsequencesofthewarhaveexemplifiedthefeverpitchoftheU.S.unilateralismandtheheavycostthuspaidbytheU.S.Theyhavealsoresultedinthechangesofrelationsbetweenmajorpowers,

简介：Theprocessingoffine-grainedparticleswithdiametersbetween1and10micronsisdifficultduetostrongvan-der-Waalsattractionforces.Inordertoimprovethehandlingproperties,thefine-grainedparticles,i.e.host-particles,arecoatedwithvariousnanoparticles,i.e.guest-particles.Themixingoffine-grainedpowdersisinfluencedbyparticle-particleinteractions.Iftheseforcesaredistinctivelyused,bothinteractiveandorderedmixtu.rescanbeproduced.Theseparticlemixturesconsistofcomposite-particlesthathavenewphysicalproperties.Thesemodifiedpropertiesdependstronglyonthecoatingprocess,thediameter-andmass-relationshipoftheguest-andthehost-particles.Thepropertiesofthecomposite-particlescansystematicallybeadjustedtotherequirementsofindustrialapplications.Forexample,alaboratorybubblingfluidizedbedcanbeusedtodescribetheconveyingbehaviorofthefunctionalizedhost-particles.Applicationsforthefunctionalizedparticlesareinthepharmaceuticalandthepowdercoatingindustries,e.g.enhanceddrypowderinhalersandthinlacquerfilms.Thepresentresearchcomparesthreedifferentmixing/coatingprocesses.Thecomposite-particlesarecharacterizedbyTEM,SEMandwiththeirfluidizationcharacteristics.Thecoatingprocessitselfismonitoredbytheelectrostaticchargeoftheparticles.

简介：Thispaperisconcernedwiththedispersionofparticlesonthefluid-liquidinterface.Inapreviousstudywehaveshownthatwhensmallparticles,e.g.,flour,pollen,glassbeads,etc.,contactanair-liquidinterface,theydisperserapidlyasiftheywereinanexplosion.Therapiddispersionisduetothefactthatthecapillaryforcepullsparticlesintotheinterfacecausingthemtoacceleratetoalargevelocity.Inthispaperweshowthatmotionofparticlesnormaltotheinterfaceisinertiadominated;theyoscillateverticallyabouttheirequilibriumpositionbeforecomingtorestunderviscousdrag.Thisverticalmotionofaparticlecausesaradially-outwardlateral(secondary)flowontheinterfacethatcausesnearbyparticlestomoveaway.Thedispersiononaliquid-liquidinterface,whichistheprimaryfocusofthisstudy,wasrelativelyweakerthanonanair-liquidinterface,andoccurredoveralongerperiodoftime.Whenfallingthroughanupperliquidtheparticleshaveaslowervelocitythanwhenfallingthroughairbecausetheliquidhasagreaterviscosity.Anotherdifferencefortheliquid-liquidinterfaceisthattheseparationofparticlesbeginsintheupperliquidbeforetheparticlesreachtheinterface.Therateofdispersiondependedonthesizeoftheparticles,thedensitiesoftheparticleandliquids,theviscositiesoftheliquidsinvolved,andthecontactangle.Forsmallparticles,partialpinningandhysteresisofthethree-phasecontactlineonthesurfaceoftheparticleduringadsorptiononliquid-liquidinterfaceswasalsoimportant.Thefrequencyofoscillationofparticlesabouttheirfloatingequilibriumincreasedwithdecreasingparticlesizeonbothair-waterandliquid-liquidinterfaces,andthetimetoreachequilibriumdecreasedwithdecreasingparticlesize.Theseresultsareinagreementwithouranalysis.

简介：Integralcollisionkerneliselucidatedusingexperimentalresultsfortitania,silicaandaluminananoparticlessynthesizedbyFCVDprocess,andtitaniasubmicronparticlessynthesizedinatubefurnacereactor.Theintegralcollisionkernelwasobtainedfromaparticlenumberbalanceequationbytheintegrationofcollisionratesfromthekinetictheoryofdilutegasesforthefree-moleculeregime,fromtheSmoluchowskitheoryforthecontinuumregime,andbyasemi-empiricalinterpolationforthetransitionregimebetweenthetwolimitingregimes.Comparisonshavebeenmadeonparticlesizeandtheintegralcollisionkernel,showingthatthepredictedintegralcollisionkernelagreedwellwiththeexperimentalresultsinKnudsennumberrangefromabout1.5to20.

简介：极其细小的chitosan粒子被由水，三重氢核X-100，octanol和环己烷组成的反向的微乳液准备。粒子被采用并且比较了使用TEM和红外的准备极其细小的chitosan的二个方法，和为极其细小的chitosan粒子的形成的可能的机制被建议。试验性的结果证明联合了离子的冻结和cross-linking的方法与92nm的一条平均直径给了一致地大小的chitosannanoparticles，当没有离子的冻结的cross-linking与188nm的943nm和宽度的平均长度生产了细长纤弱的chitosan粒子时。

简介：与空隙的牛顿的液体由一座钟摆运动的液体桥连接的一双中央动人的球形的粒子经常在微粒结合过程被遇到。在这篇论文，由假定完成式湿的状况，静态的液体桥牌上的液体体积和分离距离的效果被分析，并且在破裂精力之间的关系和液体桥体积也被学习。这些点将具有在与粘合剂粒子有关的工业过程的意义。

简介：

简介：Aprogramincorporatingtheparallelcodeoflargeeddysimulation(LES)andparticletransportationmodelisdevelopedtosimulatethemotionofparticlesinanatmosphericturbulentboundarylayer(ATBL).Amodelofparticlesof100-micrometerordercouplingwithlargescaleATBLisproposed.Twotypicalcasesarestudied,onefocusesontheevolutionofparticleprofileintheATBLandthelandingdisplacementofparticles,whereastheotheronthemotionofparticlestream.

简介：全部的联合代替是为有停用关节炎和联合机能障碍的病人的治疗的一个高度成功的外科的过程。随着时间的过去，与活动的高水平和关节的用法，然而植入穿粒子从明白表示的表面被产生。这些穿粒子能在implant(periprostheticosteolysis)附近导致煽动性的反应，和随后的骨头再吞的激活。单核白血球/巨噬细胞系的房间安排这长期的煽动性的回答，它被支持inflammatory(M1)统治巨噬细胞显型而非一反煽动性的支持织物的愈合(M2)巨噬细胞显型。当它被显示出时，那interleukin-4(IL-4)有选择地极化向支持骨头愈合的M2反煽动性的显型的巨噬细胞，而非发炎，很少对这在通过IL-4的极化在哪个是很有效的在发生或调节的时间功课被知道。这个工作的目标是与polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)的联合响应挑战学习鼠科的巨噬细胞极化和cytokine版本的时间功课粒子，lipopolysaccharide(LPS)和在vitro的IL-4。有IL-4的质问粒子的单核白血球/巨噬细胞的处理导致了支持inflammatorycytokines和可诱导的氮的氧化物synthase(iNOS)的起始的抑制生产和随后的极化进M2反煽动性的显型。当IL-4在PMMA粒子挑战前被交付时，这结果被优化，到M1显型而非到未遂(M0)巨噬细胞。这极化的效果在一堂5天的时间功课上被支撑。进M2显型的M1巨噬细胞的极化可以是策略减轻穿粒子联系periprostheticosteolysis。

简介：Theuniquecharacteristicsofgas-solidstwo-phaseflowandfluidizationintermsoftheflowstructuresandtheapparentbehaviorofparticlesandfluid-particleinteractionsarecloselylinkedtophysicalpropertiesoftheparticles,operatingconditionsandbedconfigurations.Fluidizedbedsbehavequitedifferentlywhensolidproperties,gasvelocitiesorvesselgeometriesarevaded.Anunderstandingofhydrodynamicchangesandhowthey,inturn,influencethetransferandreactioncharacteristicsofchemicalandthermaloperationsbyvariationsingas-solidcontact,residencetime,solidcirculationandmixingandgasdistributionisveryimportantfortheproperdesignandscale-upoffluidizedbedreactors.Inthispaper,ratherthanattemptingacomprehensivesurvey,weconcentrateonexaminingsomeimportantpositiveandnegativeimpactsofparticlesizes,bubbles,clustersandcolumnwallsonthephysicalandchemicalaspectsofchemicalreactorperformancefromtheengineeringapplicationpointofviewwiththeaimofforminganadequateconceptforguidingthedesignofmultiphasefluidizedbedchemicalreactors.

简介：Thisresearchstudiedtheinitiatorefficiencyforproducingpolymericparticlesofpoly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate)copolymersbyaShirasuporousglassmembrane(SPG)emulsificationtechniquefollowedbysuspensioncopolymerization.BPO,ADVN,andAIBNwereusedasinitiatorsandwefoundthatBPOisthemostsuitableinitiator.Copolymersforvariousfeedratiosofstyrene/methylmethacrylatewerethussynthesizedbybenzoylperoxide,andtheircopolymerparticlesize,molecularweightdistributionandparticlesizedistributionwerecharacterized.Thenn-BMAor2-EHMAwasaddedasthethirdmonomertodecreasetheterpolymerglasstransitiontemperature.Thisarticledescribesthepreparationtechnique,recipesandpolymerizationconditionsforproducingbothcopolymerandterpolymerpanicles,particlesizechanges,thecorrespondingparticlemorphologiesandglasstransitiontemperatures.

简介：ThesedimentationofcircularparticlesinaverticalchannelfilledwithOldroyd-BfluidwasstudiedbyanimprovedDistributedLagrangeMultiplier/fictitiousdomain(DLM)method.Thesedimentingbehaviorsoftwoparticlesarepresentedfirstly,whichshowsthat,whentheparticlesaredroppedinaviscoealsticfluid,thestableconfigurationistheonewheretheparticlesarealignedparalleltotheflowdirectionwhentheMachnumberMislessthan1andtheelasticitynumberEisgreaterthan1.ThisagreeswellwiththeknownexperimentalinRef.[1]andsimulationresultsinRef.[2].Oursimulationsalsoshowthat,asinNewtonianfluid,thesedimentationoftheparticleswillbeacceleratedduetotheinteractionbetweenparticlesinaviscoealsticfluid.

简介：惰性的金属炸药，炸药的一种新类型，是高爆炸、惰性的金属粒子的混合物。当这种炸药被触发时，惰性的金属粒子流动将被开车的爆炸产品形成。为了决定金属粒子的运动的特征，流动，一系列铝盘子被设计是金属粒子流动影响了的目标。测试结果被介绍，一个数字模型被设置分析高速度的影响铝板上的惰性的金属粒子。基于数字分析，在目标板和惰性的金属粒子的起始的条件上的标记的特征之间的关系被建议。从目标盘子上的影响的分析，金属粒子的运动的更多的信息能被重建。

简介：Amathematicalmodelofsinglecharparticlecombustionincirculatingfluidizedbedcombustor(CFBC)isdevelopedinthispaperinthispaper,itsnumericalsolutioninoperatingconditionsofCFBCverifiesthenatureofaphenomenonthatthedistributionofcarboncontentofcharparticleshasapeakvalueversustheirdiameters.Theresultsshowthatthetemperatureofsmallercharparticleisclosetothebedtemperature,andtherealsoexitsapeakvaluefortheburn-outtimeofcharparticlesversustheirdiameters.Thecountermeasuresarepresentedtoimprovecombustionoffineparticles,suchasuseofthefly-ashrecirculation,thehotcyclone,andsoon.

简介：ThesedimentationsoftwocylindricalparticlesinthreedifferentinitialrelativepositionsarenumericallysimulatedusingthelatticeBoltzmannmethod.Themovementcharacteristicsandparticleinteractionsduringtheirsedimentationarepresentedanddiscussedindetail.Theresultsshowthat,(i)ifthetwoparticlesarereleasedparallelbutseparatedhorizontally,theypushawayeachother,rotateinwardsandseparatehorizontallyastheyfall;(ii)ifthetwoparticlesarereleasedparallelbutseparatedvertically,thesedimentationbehaviorcanbeclassifiedintothreestages:trailing,tumblingandseparating;(iii)ifthetwoparticlesarereleasedperpendicularbutseparatedvertically,thesedimentationbehaviorcanbecharacterizedas:trailingandrotating,touchingandsliding.Inordertovalidateoursimulation,experimentswerealsoconductedandtheresultsagreewellwiththenumericalones.

简介：几何阶段，特别地果浆阶段，处于五spin-1/2的一个纠缠的状态，粒子被学习。一个时间依赖者磁场被使用控制簇的时间进化。用代数学的动力学的方法，当时，我们计算non-adiabaticgeometric阶段或果浆阶段和退化精力层次磁性在轴附近旋转。基于准确分析解决方案，我们显示出这簇的纠缠的状态的果浆阶段怎么取决于外部磁场参数终止(旋转磁场的尖速度)和theta(在磁场之间的角度和Z轴)。

简介：Thisstudydefinesandassessestheselectionciiteriaforsuitableparticulatematerialstobeusedinanupflowbubblingfluidizedbed(UBFB)ordenseup-flowpowdercirculationsystemforsolarenergycaptureandstorage.Themaincriteriaidentifiedarebasedonthethermophysicalandthermomechanicalproperties,attritionbehavior,andtheconsiderationsofhealthandenvironmentalhazardsofthecandidatepowders.Finally,acostcomparisonandtentativerankingofthedifferentcandidatepowdersispresentedinadditiontoaweightedscoring.Significantscoringdifferencescanbeobservedbetweenthevariousmaterials.Olivinepossessesthemostfavorablecharacteristicsandappearstobetheparticulatematerialofchoiceforsolid/gassuspensionheattransferfluids.

简介：