简介：AIM:Toutilizetissuemicromeasurementtostudytheeffectoftransienthighintraocularpressure(IOP)inducedbydifferentdurationsofsuctionduringlaserinsitukeratomileusis(LASIK)onrabbitretinathickness.·METHODS:SixtyhealthyNewZealandwhiterabbitswererandomlydividedintoacontrolgroup,and3negative-pressuresuctiongroups(20sgroup,45sgroup,and3mingroup)andeachgroupwascomprisedof15rabbits(30eyes);thelatter3groupswerethetransienthighIOPmodels.Theretinaltissuearoundthepapilledemawasseparated.Hematoxylinandeosin(HE)stainingwascarriedouttogenerateslicesforlightmicroscopy.Thechangesintheretinathicknessvaluesofeachlayerweremeasuredforallanimalsineachgroupatdifferentpostoperativerecoveryperiodsandcomparedwiththevaluesrecordedfortheanimalsinthecontrolgroup.Thethicknessoftheretinaltissueshowedanormaldistribution.TheANOVAwasperformedbyusingSPSS13.0statisticsoftware.·RESULTS:Inthecomparisonbetweenthe20sand45snegative-pressuresuctiongroupsandthecontrolgroup,nosignificantdifferenceswereobserved,exceptat14d.Significantdifferencewasobservedbetweenthe3minnegative-pressuresuctiongroupandthecontrolgroup,andtheretinathicknessvalueofeachlayerreachedapeakat14dafterrepair.·CONCLUSION:Conv

简介：ThisstudypresentsanovelprocessofinsitusurfacemodificationofCaCChnanoparticlesusingamultipleorificedispersionmicroreactor.CO2/Ca（OH）2precipitationreactionwasemployedtoprepareCaCO3nanoparticleswithsodiumstearatesurfactant.SynthesizedCaCChproductswerecharacterizedbythermogravimetricanalysis（TGA）,infra-red（IR）,X-raydiffraction（XRD）,transmissionelectronmicroscopy（TEM）andBrunauer-Emmet-Telleranalysis（BET）.Theeffectofvariousoperationparametersonnanoparticlesandthedosageofsodiumstearateweredetermined.Theresultsshowedthatthepreparationprocesscouldbepreciselycontrolledwithefficientmasstransferprocess.Theparticleswerehighlyhydrophobicwithacontactangleof117andmonodispersewithanaveragesizeof30nm.Theadsorptionsofsodiumstearateandcalciumiononsolidparticlesduringtheinsitusurfacemodificationprocesswereinvestigated.

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简介：雪深度(SD)是为对全球气候变化和陆地表面过程的研究的一个关键参数。一个方法被开发获得每日的SD图象在一更高4km有从在situ观察和扫描辐射计曙光女神(AMSR-E)的先进微波的被动微波遥感的SD大小和交互Multisensor的雪盖子大小的空间分辨率和更高的精确下雪并且冰印射系统(IMS)。在25km的AMSR-ESD空间分辨率从雪密度和用SD从在situ观察和IMS雪盖子相等然后改正的雪水的AMSR-E产品被检索。改正的AMSR-ESD图象然后被重新取样充当在situ观察到虚拟与结合在situ观察真实在4km插入内推用Cressman的空间分辨率SD方法。最后，为中国的几个区域的每日的SD数据产生证明方法很好与一个更低的数字举起模型(DEM)一起在区域被适合到更高空间的分辨率SD数据的产生然而并非井因此在高高度并且与波动的地面适合到区域，例如西藏的高原。为在北Xinjiang的在2003和2010之间的1月的更长的时间时期SD数据产生的分析也表明了方法的可行性。

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简介：TodevelopaNaI(Tl)detectorforinsituradioactivitymonitoringinthemarineenvironmentandenhancetheconfidenceoftheprobabilityofthegamma-spectrumanalysis,MonteCarlosimulationsusingtheMonteCarloN-Particle(MNCP)codewereperformedtoprovidetheresponsespectraofsomeinterestedradionuclidesandthebackgroundspectraoriginatingfromthenaturalradionuclidesinseawaterrecordedbyaNaI(Tl)detector.Anewlydeveloped75mm×75mmNaI(Tl)detectorwascalibratedusingfourreferenceradioactivesources137Cs,60Co,40Kand54Mninthelaboratorybeforethefieldmeasurementsinseawater.Asimulationmodelwasestablishedforthedetectorimmersedinseawater.ThesimulatedspectrawereallbroadenedwithGaussianpulsestoreflectthestatisticalfluctuationsandelectricalnoiseintherealmeasurement.Thesimulatedspectrashowthatthesingle-energyphotonsintothedetectoraremostlyscatteringlow-energyphotonsandthehighbackgroundinthelowenergyregionmainlyoriginatesfromtheComptoneffectofthehighenergyγ-raysofnaturalradionuclidesinseawater.Thesimulatedbackgroundspectrumwascomparedwiththeexperimentalonerecordedinfieldmeasurementandtheyseemtobeingoodagreement.Thesimulationmethodandspectracanbeusedfortheaccurateanalysisofthefiledmeasurementresultsoflowconcentrationradioactivityinseawater.

简介：在恢复地球严肃模特儿(EGM)由创造的标准方程的特征最少平方(LS)从在原处扰乱的潜力的调整详细被讨论。标准方程仅仅看情况，这能被结束先验的重力模型的在轨道，和选择没在LS答案上有效果。因此，恢复严肃模型的精确性能精确地被模仿。从这个点开始，与噪音的不同水平沿着轨道扰乱潜力的四个集合被模仿并且被用来恢复EGM。结果证明在加速表刻度的当前的精确性水平上，EGM的精确性不是足够的反映地球的重力场的时间可变性，作为揭示的动态方法。

简介：在situcomposites在艾尔矩阵上研究严重塑料变丑的影响规则，10?wt%艾尔3在situ的Zr/2024Al增强粒子合成被准备由直接融化反应(DMR)，然后，合成是由有90的一个方向的热伪造?%塑料变丑。然后，前进状态的微观结构合成被观察，并且机械性质的变化法律和磨擦表演在以后并且在塑料使变形前被比较。结果显示艾尔3增强Zr的粒子旋转并且闯入10-20的更小的尺寸?ng可溶的biopolymer有三个转变金属离子的牛的浆液白朊(BSA)(M，M=Cu，公司，Mn)。白朊一定的金属离子的有约束力的模式和比率被调查。BSA-M建筑群被紫外力的、圆形的二色性(CD)描绘系列和polyacrylamide胶化电气泳动(页)。当聚合物支架和金属建筑群作为催化活跃中心工作了，BSA服务了。当到BSA的转变金属离子建筑群的有约束力的比率是5:1时，结果证明BSA的结构仍然保持未改变。而且，清除superoxide阴离子自由的基(O\(_{2}^{\bullet-}\？？

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简介：Laser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopy(LIBS)hasattractedextensiveattentionasanewtechniqueforin-situmarineapplication.Inthiswork,theinfluenceofdeep-seahighpressureenvironmentonLIBSsignalswasinvestigatedbyusingacompactLIBS-seasystemdevelopedbyOceanUniversityofChinaforthein-situchemicalanalysisofseawater.TheresultsfromthefieldmeasurementsshowthattheliquidpressurehasasignificanteffectontheLIBSsignals.Higherpeakintensityandlargerlinebroadeningwereobtainedasthepressureincreases.BycomparingthevariationsofthetemperatureandsalinitywiththeLIBSsignals,aweakcorrelationbetweenthemcanbeobserved.Underhighpressureconditions,theoptimallaserenergywashigherthanthatinairenvironment.Whenthelaserenergyexceeded17mJ,theeffectoflaserenergyonthesignalintensityweakened.Thesignalintensitydecreasesgraduallyatlargerdelays.TheobtainedresultsverifiedthefeasibilityoftheLIBStechniqueforthedeep-seain-situdetection,andwehopethistechnologycancontributetosurveyingmoredeep-seaenvironmentssuchasthehydrothermalventregions.

简介：Insituphotochromicprocessinthemonolayerofaphotochromicspiropyranderivativewithoutlongalkylchain,wasinvestigated.Thephotochromismattheair/waterinterfaceunderdiffernetsurfacepressureswasstudiedbysurfacepressure-areaisotherms,surfacepressure-timecurves,area-timecurvesandBrewsteranglemicroscopy.Bothformsofthecompoundwerefoundtoformmonolayersattheair/waterinterfacealthouhgitdoesnothavelongalkylchain.Alargeareaexpansioninthemonolayercorrespondingtoazreo^thorderreactionwasfoundattheinitialstageoftheUVlightirradiation.Aseriesofdynamicinvestigationsrevealedthatathighpressureafterphasetransitioninthemonolayer,thesurfacepressurechangesgreatlyumderalternativeirradiationofUVandvisiblelight.Anobviousmorphologicalchangeaccompanyingwiththephotochromismwasobservedinsitu.

简介：BaTiO3/PVDFnanocompositeswerepreparedviain-situgrowthofnanosizedBaTiO3particlesinPVDFmatrixbyusingthesolgelmethod.ThepresentelementsofBaTiO3/PVDFnanocompositeswereana-lyzedbyanelectronprobeX-raymicroanalyser.NanosizedBaTiO3growninthecompositefilmswascharacterizedbyanX-raydiffractometerandatransmissionelectronmicroscope,andthedielectricpropertiesofthecompositefilmsweremeasured.ThedistributionofBaTiO3nanoparticlesin-situgrowninthePVDFmatrixwasexaminedus-ingascanningelectronmicroscope.

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简介：氨(NH3)挥发在土壤headspace是在碱的土壤，和NH3集中的氮损失的重要小径之一直接与NH3挥发被连接。氨被Fourier变换描绘中间红外线的photoacoustic光谱学(FTIR舞步)和在8501200厘米1的区域的二个典型吸收乐队被观察，它能在土壤headspace被用于NH3集中的预言。从诺思中国的碱的土壤在三个授精处理(没有N输入(CK)的控制，脲和涂的脲)下面涉及土壤孵化，壶和地实验。在土壤headspace的氨集中在每个实验被决定。在土壤孵化实验，NH3排出物被N输入开始，在白天2上到达了最高的集中，并且减少了到在在8d以后的CK测量了的水平，与在与涂的脲处理相比的脲处理的显著地更高的NH3排出物，特别在开始的4d期间。在壶实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中在孵化实验作为那显示出类似的动力学；然而，在在地实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中孵化和壶实验与那些表明了一个显著地不同的排放模式，并且为NH3集中有4-d延期。因此，在孵化的NH3集中和壶实验不能直接被用来象土壤温度和土壤骚乱一样在授精方法和申请率由于差别在这块地里为真实NH3排放建模。在控制版本的授精和参与以后在第二个星期内点亮灌溉，这被推荐涂的脲能被用来显著地减少从NH3挥发的观点的N损失。

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简介：Non-noblemetal-basedcatalysts,especiallystableones,havegainedincreasingattentionsinthefieldofelectronicallycatalytichydrogenevolutionreaction(HER).Inthiswork,anN-dopedcarbonconfinedCo–Nialloywithreducedgrapheneoxide(rGO)decoration(CoNi@N-C/rGO)wasfabricatedforHER.ThepreparedcatalystexhibitedexcellentHERactivityinanacidicelectrolyte(Tafelslopeof~133.7mV).TheresultsshowedthattheenhancedHERperformanceofthenanostructuresisattributedtothechemicalandelectronicsynergiceffectbetweentheconfinedCo–NialloyandrGO.Stabilitytests,realizedvialongtermpotentialcyclesandextendedelectrolysis,providedtheconfirmationoftheexceptionaldurabilityofthecatalyst,whichoriginatedfromtheconfiningeffectoftheN-dopedcarbonshell.Thisversatilemethodprovidesastrategyfordesigningstablenon-preciousmetalelectrocatalystsconfinedbycarboncoating.

简介：ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎＭｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃＩｎ－ｓｉｔｕＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒＰｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＵｌｔｒａｆｉｎｅＬａ２Ｏ３ＮａｎｏｐｈａｓｅＰｏｗｄｅｒＧａｏＹｕｚｕｎ（高愈尊），ＬｉＹｏｎｇｈｏｎｇ（李永洪），ＺｈａｎｇＴａｉｓｏｎｇ...

简介：Wedevelopadualporous(DP)TiO_2filmfortheelectrontransportinglayer(ETL)incarboncathodebasedperovskitesolarcells(C-PSCs).TheDPTiO_2filmwassynthesizedviaafacilePS-templatedmethodwiththethicknessbeingcontrolledbythespin-coatingspeed.ItwasfoundthatthereisanoptimumDPTiO_2filmthicknessforachievinganeffectiveETL,asuitableperovskite/TiO_2interface,anefficientlightharvesterandthusahighperformanceC-PSC.Inparticular,suchaDPTiO_2filmcanactasascaffoldforcomplete-fillingoftheporeswithperovskiteandforforminghigh-qualityperovskitecrystalsthatareseamlesslyinterfacedwithTi_O2toenhanceinterfacialchargeinjection.LeveragingtheuniqueadvantagesofDPTiO2ETL,togetherwithadense-packedandpinhole-freeTiO_2compactlayer,PCEoftheC-PSCshasreached9.81%withgoodstability.

简介：Thepresentstudyprovidesdetailedexperimentalresultsonthesynthesisandcharacterizationofcarbonizedlithiumtitanatespinel(LTO)compositesaselectrodematerialsforlithiumioncapacitor.TheLTOparticlesweregraftedwithaporouscarbonlayerobtainedfromthepyrolysisofcamphor.ThegraphiticnatureofthecarbonwasconfirmedthroughRamanspectroscopy.Therelativecontributionsfromthecapacitiveanddiffusioncontrolledprocessesunderlyingtheseelectrodesweremathematicallymodeled.Electrontransportmechanismunderlyingtheseelectrodeswasdeterminedbymeasuringtheworkfunctions(φ)ofLTOandcarbongraftedLTOusingultravioletphotoelectronspectroscopy.ThesecarbongraftedLTOcompositesexhibitedanenergydensityof330mWhL-1andapeakpowerdensityof2.8kWL-1,whenemployedaselectrodesincoincellswithexcellentcyclingstabilityattheendof4000cycles.