简介：Thequestforneuroprotectivedrugstoslowtheprogressionofneurodegenerativediseases(NDDs),includingAlzheimer'sdisease(AD),Parkinson'sdisease(PD),andHuntington'sdisease(HD),hasbeenlargelyunrewarding.Preclinicalevidencesuggeststhatrepurposingquetiapine,lithium,valproate,fluoxetine,donepezil,andmemantineforearlyandpre-symptomaticdisease-modificationinNDDsmaybepromisingandcanspareregulatorybarriers.Theliteratureofthesepsychotropicsinearlystageandpre-symptomaticAD,PD,andHDisreviewedandpropitiousfindingsfollow.Mildcognitiveimpairment(MCI)phaseofAD:salutaryhumanrandomizedcontrolledtrialfindingsforlow-doselithiumand,inselectedpatients,donepezilawaitreplication.Pre-symptomaticAD:humanepidemiologicaldataindicatethatlithiumreducesADrisk.Animalmodelstudies(AMS)revealencouragingresultsforquetiapine,lithium,donepezil,andmemantine.EarlyPD:valproateAMSfindingsshowpromise.Pre-symptomaticPD:lithiumandvalproateAMSfindingsareencouraging.EarlyHD:uncontrolledclinicaldataindicatenon-progressionwithlithium,fluoxetine,donepezil,andmemantine.Pre-symptomaticHD:lithiumandvalproateareauspiciousinAMS.Manyotherpromisingfindingsawaitingreplication(valproateinMCI;lithium,valproate,fluoxetineinpre-symptomaticAD;lithiuminearlyPD;lithium,valproate,fluoxetineinpre-symptomaticPD;donepezilinearlyHD;lithium,fluoxetine,memantineinpre-symptomaticHD)arereviewed.Dose-andstage-dependenteffectsareconsidered.Suggestionsforsignal-enhancementinhumantrialsareprovidedforeachNDDstage.

简介：最近“泰拳”叫板中国功夫的消息被媒体炒得沸沸扬扬，我虽然不是一个懂得功夫的人，但是对这件事也特别关心。因为在我心中中国功夫就是扫遍天下无敌手的象征，如今竟然有人撞上门来，这结局如何实在令人期待。

简介：Neurotrophicfactorscompriseessentialsecretedproteinsthathaveseveralfunctionsinneuralandnon-neuraltissues,mediatingthedevelopment,survivalandmaintenanceofperipheralandcentralnervoussystem.Therefore,neurotrophicfactorissuehasbeenextensivelyinvestigatedintothecontextofneurodegenerativediseases.Alzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseshowchangesintheregulationofspecificneurotrophicfactorsandtheirreceptors,whichappeartobecriticalforneuronaldegeneration.Indeed,neurotrophicfactorspreventcelldeathindegenerativeprocessesandcanenhancethegrowthandfunctionofaffectedneuronsinthesedisorders.Basedonrecentreports,thisreviewdiscussesthemainfindingsrelatedtotheneurotrophicfactorsupport–mainlybrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorandglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor–inthesurvival,proliferationandmaturationofaffectedneuronsinAlzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseaswellastheirputativeapplicationasnewtherapeuticapproachforthesediseasesmanagement.

简介：

简介：BACKGROUND:Itisdifficulttoattractinterestinnon-compulsory,preventive,medicalcare,andpersonsdiagnosedwithcertaindiseasesoftenignoretheexistenceofthesediseases.However,Huntington'sdisease(HD)isanexception.OBJECTIVE:ToqualitativelyanalyzefactorsmotivatingHDpatientstoparticipateinastudy,namelytheEuropeanHuntington'sDiseaseNetwork(EHDN)REGISTRY.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:AnobservationalsurveywasconductedintheEHDNStudySiteinPoznan,Polandbetween2007and2008.PARTICIPANTS:Thestudyinvolved22personsaffectedwithHDand3pre-symptomaticindividuals,totaling9malesand16females.The24participantsinthisstudyhad24differentcaregivers.Atotalof25symptomaticorpre-symptomaticsubjectsparticipatedintheinitialREGISTRYvisit,aswellas6inthesecond,and1inthethird.Allsubjectsdidnotknoweachotherpriortothevisit.METHODS:AmutationintheIT15genewasconfirmedineachpatientorpre-symptomaticmutationcarrier.Anin-depthinterviewproduceddetailedinformationontheHDpatients,aswellasthecaregivers,fortheREGISTRYstudy.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:AqualitativeanalysisofthefactorsmotivatingHDpatientsandthepre-symptomaticmutationcarrierstoparticipateintheREGISTRYlongitudinal,observational,researchprojectwasperformed.RESULTS:TheprimarymotivatingfactorforinvolvementofHDpatientsandthecaregiversintheREGISTRYstudywasthehopethataneffectiveHDtherapywouldsoonbediscovered.InHDpatientsandthepre-symptomaticgroup,theresponsetoparticipateintheREGISTRYprojectreached100%,despitethefactthattheyknewtheprojectwasonlyanobservationalstudy.CONCLUSION:Patienthopeisthoughttobeafactorforengaginginpreventive,therapeuticactivities.However,thisisrarelymentionedinmedicalpapersandclinicaltextbooks,andisusuallyoverlookedinmedicalteaching.Clearly,effortsshouldbemadetoincludethisinclinicalpractice.

简介：第三届中华中青年神经外科交流协会学术会议将于2015年10月16日-18日在河北省石家庄市举行。会议组委会诚挚的邀请您参加。会议旨在促进全国神经外科中青年医师展示成绩、交流经验、共同提高学术水平。在学术日程的设计和专题的选择上作了进一步的优化,强调注重内容,简化形式。会议将邀请国内外著名专家学者进行大会报告,同时开设多个专题会场。现将会议的征文有关事项通知如下。

简介：目的介绍C形臂或CT靶点精确定位卵圆孔半月神经节选择性射频热凝治疗原发性三叉神经痛的手术方法、技巧和效果。方法回顾性分析本组2816例射频治疗病例，术中采用C形臂X线或CT定位，靶点位于卯圆孔半月神经节，射频温控热凝术温度设定65～80℃，时间设定为30—60s。近、远期疗效观察并总结分析并发症。结果本组近期随访病例2760例，疼痛完全消失2661例，总有效率96．41％，2年内复发率192例（6．9％），无效39例（1．4％）。结论本手术方法弥补了传统的徒手穿刺的缺陷，提高了定位准确性和疗效。对行开颅微血管减压术（MVD）复发或无效的三叉神经痛患者可以做为一项补充治疗。对本病伴有高龄心脑血管疾病的患者仍是一种安全可靠的治疗方法。

简介：巨噬细胞诱导的C型凝集素（macrophage-inducibleC-typelectin,Mincle）受体是模式识别受体家族的重要成员,可以识别从坏死细胞中释放的自配体,并与下游的脾酪氨酸激酶（Spleentyrosinekinase,Syk）作用激活单独信号通路,引发一系列炎性反应。越来越多的实验数据表明,Mincle/Syk信号转导通路参与了包含卒中在内的多种神经系统疾病的炎症反应,特异性的抑制该通路激活可以抑制神经炎症,修复神经功能损伤。本文主要对Mincle作用机制和病理研究进展进行综述,并对Mincle对出血性卒中的治疗作用进行展望。

简介：Parkinsonsdisease(PD)isacommon,progressiveneurodegenerativediseasecharacterisedbydegenerationofnigrostriataldopaminergicneurons,aggregationofα-synucleinandmotorsymptoms.Currentdopamine-replacementstrategiesprovidesymptomaticrelief,howevertheireffectivenesswearoffovertimeandtheirprolongeduseleadstodisablingside-effectsinPDpatients.ThereisthereforeacriticalneedtodevelopnewdrugsanddrugtargetstoprotectdopaminergicneuronsandtheiraxonsfromdegenerationinPD.Overrecentyears,therehasbeenrobustevidencegeneratedshowingthatepigeneticdysregulationoccursinPDpatients,andthatepigeneticmodulationisapromisingtherapeuticapproachforPD.Thisarticlefirstdiscussesthepresentevidenceimplicatingglobal,anddopaminergicneuron-specific,alterationsinthemethylomeinPD,andthetherapeuticpotentialofpharmacologicallytargetingthemethylome.Itthenfocusesonanothermechanismofepigeneticregulation,histoneacetylation,anddescribeshowthehistoneacetyltransferase(HAT)andhistonedeacetylase(HDAC)enzymesthatmediatethisprocessareattractivetherapeutictargetsforPD.Itdiscussestheuseofactivatorsand/orinhibitorsofHDACsandHATsinmodelsofPD,andhowtheseapproachesfortheselectivemodulationofhistoneacetylationelicitneuroprotectiveeffects.Finally,itoutlinesthepotentialofemployingsmallmoleculeepigeneticmodulatorsasneuroprotectivetherapiesforPD,andthefutureresearchthatwillberequiredtodetermineandrealisethistherapeuticpotential.

简介：1999年空军招飞心理测评系统正式在空军招收飞行学员工作中应用，六年的实践证明飞行人员选拔的准确度有了显着提高。但是在应用中我们也发现个别检测项目的准确度仍然偏低。文章封飞行动机检测数据进行统计学分析，结果飞行动机检测的区分度偏低，不同方法检测结果的一致性不够高。在此，提出几点相应的改进方法，以求进一步提高检测系统的信度和效度。

简介：Propofolcaninhibittheinflammatoryresponseandreducethesecretionandharmfuleffectsofastrocyte-derivedproinflammatorycytokines.Inthisstudy,afterpropofolwasinjectedintotheinjuredsciaticnerveofmice,nuclearfactorkappaBexpressionintheL4-6segmentsofthespinalcordintheinjuredsidewasreduced,apoptosiswasdecreased,nervemyelindefectswerealleviated,andthenerveconductionblockwaslessened.Theexperimentalfindingsindicatethatpropofolinhibitstheinflammatoryandimmuneresponses,decreasestheexpressionofnuclearfactorkappaB,andreducesapoptosis.Theseeffectsofpropofolpromoteregenerationfollowingsciaticnerveinjury.

简介：

简介：MitochondrialK+-ATP(mito-KATP)channelsplayanimportantroleincellularfunctionandsurvivalfollowingischemicstress.Thepresentresultsrevealedthatinterventionwithdiazoxide,amito-KATPchannelopener,ledtoanincreaseinBcl-2expressioninthecerebralcortexofratssubjectedtocerebralischemiareperfusioninjury.Inaddition,theinterventionalsoledtoclearimprovementsinneuronalmitochondrialmorphologyandconsciousnesspost-injury.Glibenclamide,amito-KATPchannelblocker,exhibitedtheconverseeffects.Bothdiazoxideandglibenclamideexerteddose-dependenteffects(inparticular,at18mg/kgdiazoxideand25mg/kgglibenclamide).Thesefindingssuggestthatdiazoxideexertsaneuroprotectiveeffectoncerebralischemiareperfusioninjurybyopeningmito-KATPchannelsandupregulatingBcl-2expression.

简介：

简介：BACKGROUND:ToevaluatethequalityoftheliteratureaddressingtraditionalChinesemedicinefortreatingParkinson'sdisease.DATASOURCE:Acomputer-basedonlinesearchofChinesepublicationsfromJanuary2001toJuly2008wasconductedinChineseBiologyMedicalDiscDatabaseandChinaNationalKnowledgeInfrastructure.SearchkeywordswereParkinson'sdisease,integratedtraditionalChineseandWesternmedicine,traditionalChinesemedicinetherapy,andChineseherbtherapy.DATASELECTION:Articlesdescribingrandomized,controlledtrialsandquasi-randomized,controlledtrialswereincluded.Literaturequalitywasassessedusingthecriteria-SystematicevaluationofclinicalliteraturerelatedtotreatmentofParkinson'sdiseasewithtraditionalChinesemedicine.Thisincludedmethodology,interventionsinthetreatment/controlgroup,evaluationcriterionofoutcomes,andfrequency.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Evaluationcriterionofoutcomes(variousscoremethodsandevaluationscales),methodologicalquality,andfrequencydistributionwereallmeasured.RESULTS:Atotalof33articleswithrandomized,controlledtrialswereincluded.Ofthese,sixdescribedarandommethod,andtheremainingdidnotdescriberandomallocationmethodsorrandomsequencegenerationmethods.Noneofthestudiesestimatedsamplesize.Casedescriptionsofwithdrawalandlosstofollow-upwereunclear.BoththeUnifiedParkinson'sDiseaseRatingScaleandWebsterscalewereusedintheeligiblestudiesasevaluationcriteria.CONCLUSION:Therearenohigh-qualitystudiesthataddresstraditionalChinesemedicinetherapyandintegratedtraditionalChineseandWesternmedicinefortreatingParkinson'sdiseaseinChina.EligiblestudieswerenotperformedinaccordancewithConsolidatedStandardsofReportingTrialsstatementorStandardsforReportingInterventionsinControlledTrialsofAcupuncturecriteria,andtheliteraturequalitywaslow.ThepresentlyusedcriteriaforevaluatingtherapeuticeffectsdonotcompletelyassessoutcomesoftraditionalCh

简介：目的：了解男性护理硕士研究生学习动机的特点，为高等护理教育实践提供依据。方法：纳入8名男性护理硕士研究生作为研究对象，进行半结构式个人深入访谈，收集资料并进行分析。结果：就业生活型、求知型学习动机是男性护理硕士研究生主要学习动机；报答型、成绩目标型、消极回避型学习动机是次要学习动机；社会奉献型学习动机偏低。结论：高等护理教育须根据男性护理硕士研究生的学习动机分布情况，在课程设置、教学方法等方面进行适当调整，以完善高等护理教育相关机制和内容。

简介：Parkinson’sdisease(PD)isanage-relatedneurodegenerativedisordercharacterizedbytypicalmotorsignsandsymptomsthatareduetodopamine(DA)depletioninthebasalganglia.ThetreatmentofPDissymptomatic,andaimsatreplacingthelostDAinputusingeitherL-DOPAorDAagonists.ThecausesofPDareunknownin

简介：SubthalamicnucleusdeepbrainstimulationhasbecomeastandardneurosurgicaltherapyforadvancedParkinson’sdisease.Subthalamicnucleusdeepbrainstimulationcandramaticallyimprovethemotorsymptomsofcarefullyselectedpatientswiththisdisease.Surprisingly,somespecificdimensionsofqualityoflife,"psychological"aspectsandsocialadjustmentdonotalwaysimprove,andtheycouldsometimesbeevenworse.Patientsandtheirfamiliesshouldfullyunderstandthatsubthalamicnucleusdeepbrainstimulationcanalterthemotorstatusandtimeisneededtoreadapttotheirnewpostoperativestateandlifestyles.Thispaperreviewstheliteraturesregardingeffectsofbilateralsubthalamicnucleusdeepbrainstimulationonsocialadjustment,qualityoflifeandcopingstrategiesinpatientswithParkinson’sdisease.ThefindingsmayhelptounderstandthepsychosocialmaladjustmentandpoorimprovementinqualityoflifeinsomeParkinson’sdiseasepatients.

简介：目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清超敏C-反应蛋白（hs—CRP）水平变化与脑梗死部位、严重程度及预后的关系。方法测定120例急性脑梗死患者和90名健康人血清hs—CRP的含量，按脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准对患者进行评分，分组比较。结果脑梗死组血清CRP水平明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。不同部位梗死患者血清hs—CRP水平比较没有差异。脑梗死轻、中、重型患者血清hs—CRP水平差异有统计学显著性（P〈0．05）。血清CRP水平越高的脑梗死患者病情越严重，临床预后差。结论血清hs—CRP水平增高与脑梗死的发生和严重程度有密切关系，而与病变部位无关。

简介：苯妥英(PHT)为临床上最常用的第一线抗癫痫药,但个体间对PHT代谢呈现较大差异.目前证实细胞色素氧化酶P450(CYP)2C9/19是体内参与PHT羟化的主要代谢酶.人群CYP2C9/19遗传基因呈多态性,从而引起对PHT代谢个体间较大差异,部分人群对PHT呈强代谢(EM),另一部分人群呈弱代谢(PM),了解这些知识对临床用药十分重要.本文试对该方面内容进行综述.